Local Examination in Child Custody Disputes: Judges’ Efforts to Find the Best Interests of the Child
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26555/novelty.v14i1.a25563Keywords:
Judges, Child Custody, Local Examination, Social environment, Child's Interest.Abstract
Introduction to The Problem: Implementation of local examinations in the provisions of Article 153 HIR, Article 180 Rbg, and Article 211 Rv is optional. The judge has the authority to determine whether it is necessary or not to carry it out. Generally, local inspections are carried out in civil cases with the object of dispute being land or fixed assets. However, it does not rule out the possibility that local examinations can also be carried out on child custody disputes because there is no limit to certain cases that can be carried out by local examinations. Some cases of child custody, some are examined by carrying out local inspections and some are not.
Purpose/Objective Study: This study aims to describe the urgency of local examinations in child custody disputes, especially in ongoing cases and those that have been decided contradictory. Thus, it would exhibit the judges’ efforts in identifying and determining the best interests of the child from the course of the examination process at the trial.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This study examines court decisions on child custody cases using a descriptive analysis approach in a qualitative study. This research was conducted on the basis of the efforts of judges to accommodate the interests of all parties so that research data were obtained from civil procedural law regulations, marriage laws, child protection laws, court decision documents, and related scientific journals. Data were analyzed using a normative approach
Findings: In the process of proving the trial of child custody disputes, there are differences in the attitude of judges, especially in carrying out local examinations. There are judges who consider it necessary to carry out local examinations and there are also judges who do not. Indeed, in the regulation regarding local examinations it is optional, but in trials that carry out local examinations, the judge gets an important picture of how to determine the best interests of the child whose custody rights are disputed. From the two cases that have been studied, there are two important elements to determine the best interests of the child. First, regarding the significance of the social environment for children, namely regarding the environmental conditions of the father and mother. And second, regarding the significance of the child's will, namely the information obtained by the judge from the process of direct interviews with the child at his place of residence.
Paper Type: Research Article
References
Ambarita, M. (2021). Kekuatan Pembuktian Pemeriksaan Setempat (Gerechtelijke Plaatsopneming) dalam Pemeriksaan Sengketa Perdata. Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, 18(3).
Anam, A. Z. (2021, September). Menggagas Descente secara Elektronik. Kepaniteraan Mahkamah Agung. https://kepaniteraan.mahkamahagung.go.id/artikel-hukum/1847-menggagas-descente-secara-elektronik-ahmad-z-anam
Ardiansyah, Hadi Pamungkas, S., & Taufik, M. (2021). Analisis Normatif Tentang Hasil Sidang Pemeriksaan Setempat Menjadi Dasar Tidak Diterimanya Gugatan. De Jure, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.36277/jurnaldejure.v13i2.587
Azhimy, R., Hayatul, I., & Diana, L. (2020). Akibat Hukum Hak Asuh Anak terhadap Perceraian Karena Murtad di Pengadilan Agama Pekanbaru. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum Universitas Riau, 7(2).
Az-Zuhaili, W. (2011). Fiqih Islam wa Adillatuhu. Gema Insani.
Cahyadi, I. A. (2014). Kedudukan Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung (SEMA) dalam Hukum Positif di Indonesia. Universitas Brawijaya.
Chania, A. (2017). Pemeriksaan Setempat (Descente) sebagai Faktor Pendukung Pembuktian dalam Perkara Perdata. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Bidang Hukum Keperdataan, 1(1).
Chaudhary, M. L. (2015). Effect of Social Environment on Child’s Development. International Journal of Research in All Subjects in Multi Languages, 3(6).
Child Welfare Information Gateway (2020). Determining the best interests of the child.
Dirgantara, F., Muzakki, A., Eko Waluyo, J., & Nugraha, X. (2020). Akibat Hukum Tidak Dilakukannya Pemeriksaan Setempat Dalam Gugatan Dengan Objek Sengketa Tanah: Apakah Ada? Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum Dan Keadilan, 8(3).
Fuada, A. T. (2015). Penerapan Prinsip Hukum Acara Perdata Islam di Pengadilan Agama. Adliya: Jurnal Hukum Dan Kemanusiaan, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.15575/adliya.v9i1.6167
Harahap, M. Y. (2011). Hukum Acara Perdata tentang Gugatan, Persidangan, Penyitaan, Pembuktian, dan Putusan Pengadilan (Cetakan Kesebelas). Sinar Grafika.
Hulukati, W. (2015). Peran Lingkungan Keluarga terhadap Perkembangan Anak. Musawa, 7(2).
Islami, I., & Sahara, A. (2019). Legalitas Penguasaan Hak Asuh Anak di Bawah Umur (Hadhanah) kepada Bapak Pasca Perceraian. Jurnal Al-Qadau: Peradilan Dan Hukum Keluarga Islam, 6(2).
Ivana, R., & Tantri Cahyaningsih, D. (2020). Dasar Pertimbangan Hakim terhadap Putusan Perceraian dengan Pemberian Hak Asuh Anak kepada Bapak. Jurnal Privat Law, VIII(2). https://doi.org/10.20961/privat.v8i2.48423
Juanda, H. E. (2016). Kekuatan Alat Bukti dalam Perkara Perdata Menurut Hukum Positif di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah: Galuh Justisi, 4(1). https://jurnal.unigal.ac.id/index.php/galuhjustisi/article/view/409/354
Kelly, J. B. (1994). The Determination of Child Custody. Princeton University: The Future of Children, 4(1).
Kusumasari, R. N. (2015). Lingkungan Sosial dalam Perkembangan Psikologis Anak. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.31294/kom.v2i1.200
Lee, J., Kubik, M. Y., Fulkerson, J. A., Kohli, N., & Garwick, A. E. (2020). The Identification of Family Social Environment Typologies Using Latent Class Analysis: Implications for Future Family-Focused Research. Journal of Family Nursing, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1074840719894016
Lengkong, L. Y. (2020). Keterangan Ahli sebagai Alat Bukti dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Perdata. Jurnal Hukum To-Ra, 6(3).
Lestari, M. (2017). Hak Anak untuk Mendapatkan Perlindungan Berdasarkan Peraturan Perundang-undangan. UIR Law Review, 1(2).
MacCormick, N. (2003). Legal Reasoning and Legal Theory. Clarendon Press.
Martati, E., & Firdaus. (2018). Hak Hadhanah dalam Putusan Pengadilan Agam. Juris: Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah, 17(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.31958/juris.v17i2.1195
Mertokusumo, S. (2000). Hukum Acara Perdata Indonesia. Liberty.
Muhaemin, M. (2016). Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar tentang Hak Perlindungan Anak (Tinjauan Quranik, Hadis, dan Hukum Positif). Diktum: Jurnal Syariah Dan Hukum, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.35905/diktum.v14i1.225
Myers, J. E. B. (1987). Cross Examination. In The Child Witness: Techniques for Direct Examination, Cross-Examination, and Impeachment (Vol. 18). Pasific Law Journal.
Nufus, H. (2021). Perbedaan Putusan Hak Asuh Anak Pasca Perceraian pada Mahkamah Agung dalam Perspektif HAM, Gender, dan Maslahah Mursalah. Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah.
Nurusshobah, S. F. (2019). Konvensi Hak Anak dan Implemetasinya di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Dan Pelayanan Pekerjaan Sosial (Biyan), 1(2). https://doi.org/10.31595/biyan.v1i2.211
Otto, R. K., Edens, J. F., & Barcus, E. H. (2000). The Use of Psychological Testing in Child Custody Evaluations. Family and Conciliation Courts Review, 38.
Putra, K. W. D. (2018). Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Anak yang Berkonflik dengan Hukum Ditinjau dari Hukum Positif Indonesia. Kertha Wicara, 7(3).
Rheinstein, M. (1952). Common Law and Civil Law: An Elementary Comparison. Revista Jurídica de La Universidad de Puerto Rico.
Rofiq, M. K. (2021). Pemberian Hak Asuh Anak dalam Perceraian Karena Peralihan Agama (Murtad). Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities, 6(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/jish.v6i2.8171
Rogers, L. C. (1987). Child Custody: The Judicial Interview of the Child. Louisiana Law Review, 47(3).
Rohaedi, E. (2018). Jurisprudence Position in the Common and Civil Laws. Journal of Humanities and Social Studies, 2(2).
Rosalina, M. (2018). Pengaturan Pemeriksaan Setempat (decentee) dalam Peraturan Perundang-undangan di Indonesia. JURNAL HUKUM KAIDAH: Media Komunikasi Dan Informasi Hukum Dan Masyarakat, 18(1).
Sanjaya, U. H. (2015). Keadilan Hukum pada Pertimbangan Hakim dalam Memutus Hak Asuh Anak. Yuridika, 30(2). https://doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v30i2.4653
Saputra, R. (2019). Pergeseran Prinsip Hakim Pasif ke Aktif pada Praktek Peradilan Perdata Perspektif Hukum Progresif. Wacana Hukum: Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Slamet Riadi, 25(1).
Semiawan, C. R. (2000). Perkembangan dan Belajar Peserta Didik. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi.
Lukmawati, A. S., & Harjono. (2018). Tinjauan Kekuatan Pembuktian Pemeriksaan Setempat (Descente) Perkara Perdata (Studi Putusan Nomor 16/Pdt.G/2015/PN.Krg). Jurnal Verstek, 6(3).
Shidarta, S. (2012). Mencari Jarum ‘Kaidah’ di Tumpukan Jerami “Yurisprudensi.” Jurnal Yudisial, 5(3).
Skivenes, M. (2010). Judging the Child’s Best Interests: Rational Reasoning or Subjective Presumptions? Acta Sociologica, 53(4).
Subekti, S. (1987). Hukum Pembuktian. Pradnya Pramita.
Sucianti, I., & Salenda, K. (2020). Implementasi Pemeriksaan Setempat sebagai Pendukung Pembuktian terhadap Perkara Perdata dalam Perspektif Hukum Acara Perdata dan Hukum Islam (Telaah Putusan Nomor 529/Pdt.G/2017/PA.Mrs Tentang Pembataln Hibah Di Pengadilan Agama Maros). Shautuna: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Perbandingan Mahzab, 1(3).
Suciawati, A., & Soefyanto, S. (2019). Sanksi Hukum terhadap Hakim Pelanggar Kode Etik Profesi Hakim. Journal of Legal Research, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.15408/jlr.v1i2.12975
Sunge, M. (2012). Beban Pembuktian dalam Perkara Perdata. Jurnal Inovasi, 9(2).
Sutiyoso, B. (2010). Mencari Format Ideal Keadilan Putusan dalam Peradilan. Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol17.iss2.art3
Syahrani, R. (1988). Hukum Acara Perdata di Lingkungan Peradilan Umum. Pustaka Kartini.
Talli, A. H. (2014). Integritas dan Sikap Aktif-Argumentatif Hakim dalam Pemeriksaan Perkara. Al Daulah, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.24252/ad.v3i1.1495
Tanjung, D., Yadi Harahap, M., & Fuadi, F. (2021). Penyelesaian Sengketa Hak Asuh Anak Melalui Putusan Pengadilan Agama Medan (Studi Analisis Terhadap Kompilasi Hukum Islam). Al-Mashlahah: Jurnal Hukum Islam Dan Pranata Sosial Islam, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.30868/am.v9i02.2060
Tektona, R. I. (2012). Kepastian Hukum terhadap Perlindungan Hak Anak Korban Perceraian. Muwazah: Jurnal Kajian Gender, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.28918/muwazah.v4i1.148
