Legal frontiers in the war against money laundering: A doctrinal examination of global approaches

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26555/jhn.v15i2.27853

Keywords:

Cryptocurrency, International Organization, Money Laundry, Terrorism, Transnational Organized Crime

Abstract

Introduction to the Problem: Black money has a detrimental impact on a nation's macroeconomic and microeconomic, financial system, and international markets. The first idea to surface in the international literature when looking at the historical evolution of black money is money laundering. Criminal organizations employ various tactics to launder illicit funds, aiming to prevent the confiscation of the proceeds of their criminal activities.

Purpose/Objective of Study: This research delves into international perspectives on countering money laundering, a growing concern that poses threats to the security and stability of nations worldwide, and causes economic uncertainty. The study also investigates the progress and regulations surrounding this matter, along with the efforts of international organizations.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The research used doctrinal legal research with employing statutory and conceptual approaches.

Findings: This legal research underscores the importance of countries revisiting their domestic legal frameworks in light of the current scenario. The research stresses the importance of global cooperation between countries in effectively addressing money laundering. It urges nations to establish bilateral agreements to enable a seamless flow of information for this purpose.

Paper Type: Research Article

References

Akram, T., Ramakrishnan, S. A., & Naveed, M. (2022). Prevalence of money laundering and terrorism financing through stock market: a comprehensive conceptual review paper. Journal of Money Laundering Control. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-06-2022-0094

Albrecht, C., Duffin, K. M., Hawkins, S., & Morales Rocha, V. M. (2019). The use of cryptocurrencies in the money laundering process. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 22(2), 210–216. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-12-2017-0074

Alsuwailem, A. A. S., & Saudagar, A. K. J. (2020). Anti-money laundering systems: a systematic literature review. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 23(4), 833–848. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-02-2020-0018

Ardizzi, G., De Franceschis, P., & Giammatteo, M. (2018). Cash payment anomalies and money laundering: An econometric analysis of Italian municipalities. International Review of Law and Economics, 56, 105 121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2018.08.001

Barone, R., & Masciandaro, D. (2019). Cryptocurrency or usury? Crime and alternative money laundering techniques. European Journal of Law and Economics, 47(2), 233–254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-019-09609-6

Benson, K. (2018). Money Laundering, Anti-Money Laundering and the Legal Profession. In The Palgrave Handbook of Criminal and Terrorism Financing Law (pp. 109 133). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64498-1_6

Bintoro, S., Sjamsuddin, S., Pratiwi, R. N., & Hermawan. (2020). International cooperation to combat money laundering in the capital market: Indonesia and Australia experience. Journal of Investment Compliance, 21(4), 263–276. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOIC-10-2020-0043

Canhoto, A. I. (2021). Leveraging machine learning in the global fight against money laundering and terrorism financing: An affordances perspective. Journal of Business Research, 131, 441 452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.10.012

Chitimira, H., & Munedzi, S. (2022). Overview international best practices on customer due diligence and related anti-money laundering measures. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 26(7), 53–62. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-07-2022-0102

Corselli, L. (2023). Italy: money transfer, money laundering and intermediary liability. Journal of Financial Crime, 30(2), 377–388. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-10-2019-0137

Demetis, D. S. (2018). Fighting money laundering with technology: A case study of Bank X in the UK. Decision Support Systems, 105, 96–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2017.11.005

Dobrowolski, Z., & Sułkowski, Ł. (2019). Implementing a Sustainable Model for Anti-Money Laundering in the United Nations Development Goals. Sustainability, 12(1), 244. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010244

Dujovski, N., & Mojsoska, S. (2019). The role of the police in anti-money laundering. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 22(1), 145 157. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-01-2018-0008

Dupuis, D., & Gleason, K. (2020). Money laundering with cryptocurrency: open doors and the regulatory dialectic. Journal of Financial Crime, 28(1), 60–74. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-06-2020-0113

Gilmour, P. M. (2023). Reexamining the anti-money-laundering framework: a legal critique and new approach to combating money laundering. Journal of Financial Crime, 30(1), 35–47. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-02-2022-0041

Jakobi, A. P. (2018). Governing illicit finance in transnational security spaces: the FATF and anti-money laundering. Crime, Law and Social Change, 69(2), 173–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9750-y

Jullum, M., Løland, A., Huseby, R. B., Ånonsen, G., & Lorentzen, J. (2020). Detecting money laundering transactions with machine learning. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 23(1), 173–186. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-07-2019-0055

Korejo, M. S., Rajamanickam, R., & Md. Said, M. H. (2021). The concept of money laundering: a quest for legal definition. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 24(4), 725–736. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-05-2020-0045

Kruisbergen, E. W., Leukfeldt, E. R., Kleemans, E. R., & Roks, R. A. (2019). Money talks money laundering choices of organized crime offenders in a digital age. Journal of Crime and Justice, 42(5), 569 581. https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2019.1692420

Le Nguyen, C. (2018). Preventing the use of financial institutions for money laundering and the implications for financial privacy. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 21(1), 47–58. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-01-2017-0004

Lemon, E. (2019). Weaponizing Interpol. Journal of Democracy, 30(2), 15–29. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2019.0019

Mabunda, S. (2018). Cryptocurrency: The new face of cyber money laundering. 2018 International Conference on Advances in Big Data, Computing and Data Communication Systems (IcABCD), 1 6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICABCD.2018.8465467

Maguchu, P. (2018). Revisiting money-laundering legislation in Zimbabwe and the role of international organisations. African Security Review, 27(3–4), 278–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2018.1544915

Manwaring, M. G. (2019). Gray Area Phenomena (M. G. Manwaring (ed.)). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429041662

Mekpor, E. S. (2019). Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism compliance. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 22(3), 451–471. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-09-2018-0057

Mekpor, E. S., Aboagye, A., & Welbeck, J. (2018). The determinants of anti-money laundering compliance among the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) member states. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 26(3), 442–459. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRC-11-2017-0103

Meral, Y. (2019). Strategic Management to Prevent Money Laundering (pp. 28–49). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9265-5.ch002

Mietzner, M. (2015). Dysfunction by Design: Political Finance and Corruption in Indonesia. Critical Asian Studies, 47(4), 587 610. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2015.1079991

Mohammadi, S., Naghshbandi, N., & Moridahmadibezdi, Z. (2020). Investigating the impact of audit features on money laundering. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 23(4), 913–930. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-09-2019-0072

Naheem, M. A. (2018). China’s dirty laundry – international organizations posing a risk to China’s AML systems. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 21(2), 189–202. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-08-2015-0032

Naheem, M. A. (2020). The agency dilemma in anti-money laundering regulation. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 23(1), 26 37. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-01-2016-0007

Oliva, M. (2022). Money laundering, food activities and mafia: Evidences from the Italian provinces. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 25(3), 609–624. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-08-2021-0085

Otusanya, O. J., & Adeyeye, G. B. (2022). The dark side of tax havens in money laundering, capital flight and corruption in developing countries: some evidence from Nigeria. Journal of Financial Crime, 29(1), 62 100. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-02-2021-0044

Rahmdel, M. (2018). FATF and money laundering in Iran. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 21(3), 314–327. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-07-2017-0033

Riccardi, M., & Levi, M. (2018). Cash, Crime and Anti-Money Laundering. In The Palgrave Handbook of Criminal and Terrorism Financing Law (pp. 135–163). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64498-1_7

Rocha-Salazar, J.-J., Segovia-Vargas, M.-J., & Camacho-Miñano, M.-M. (2021). Money laundering and terrorism financing detection using neural networks and an abnormality indicator. Expert Systems with Applications, 169, 114470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2020.114470

Rose, K. J. (2020). Introducing the missing 11th principle of the United Nations Global Compact to reach sustainability – follow the money…. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 23(2), 355–367. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-12-2019-0099

Rusanov, G., & Pudovochkin, Y. (2021). Money laundering in the modern crime system. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 24(4), 860–868. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-08-2020-0085

Savona, E. U., & Riccardi, M. (2019). Assessing the risk of money laundering: research challenges and implications for practitioners. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 25(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10610-019-09409-3

Teichmann, F. (2020). Recent trends in money laundering. Crime, Law and Social Change, 73(2), 237–247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-019-09859-0

Tiwari, M., Gepp, A., & Kumar, K. (2020). A review of money laundering literature: the state of research in key areas. Pacific Accounting Review, 32(2), 271–303. https://doi.org/10.1108/PAR-06-2019-0065

Whisker, J., & Lokanan, M. E. (2019). Anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing threats posed by mobile money. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 22(1), 158–172. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-10-2017-0061

Wronka, C. (2022). “Cyber-laundering”: the change of money laundering in the digital age. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 25(2), 330–344. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-04-2021-0035

Yeoh, P. (2019). Banks’ vulnerabilities to money laundering activities. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 23(1), 122–135. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-05-2019-0040

Yogi Prabowo, H. (2014). To be corrupt or not to be corrupt. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 17(3), 306–326. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-11-2013-0045

Young, M. A., & Woodiwiss, M. (2021). A world fit for money laundering: the Atlantic alliance’s undermining of organized crime control. Trends in Organized Crime, 24(1), 70–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-020-09386-8

Downloads

Published

2024-10-28

How to Cite

Anggriawan, R., & Susila, M. E. (2024). Legal frontiers in the war against money laundering: A doctrinal examination of global approaches. Jurnal Hukum Novelty, 15(2), 230–247. https://doi.org/10.26555/jhn.v15i2.27853

Issue

Section

Articles