Cover Image

Some Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) Sensorless Control Methods based on Operation Speed Area

Bernadeta Wuri Harini

Abstract


This paper compares some sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) controls for driving an electric vehicle in terms of operating speed. Sensorless control is a type of control method in which sensors, such as speed and position sensors, are not used to measure controlled variables.  The controlled variable value is estimated from the stator current measurement. Sensorless control performance is not as good as a sensor-based system. This paper aims are to recommend a control method for the PMSM sensorless controls that would be used to drive an electric vehicle. The methods that we will discuss are divided into four categories based on the operation speed area.  They are a startup, low speed, high speed, and low and high-speed areas. The low and high-speed area will be divided into with and without switching.  If PMSM more work at high speed, the most speed area that is used, we prefer to choose the method that works at high speed, that is, the modification or combination of two or more conventional methods.

Keywords


PMSM; Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor; Sensorless control; Observer; Operation speed area;

Full Text:

PDF

References


M. Yilmaz, "Limitations/capabilities of electric machine technologies and modeling approaches for electric motor design and analysis in plug-in electric vehicle applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 52, pp. 80-99, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.033

S. Singh and A. Tiwari, "Various techniques of sensorless speed control of PMSM: A review," in 2017 Second International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Technologies (ICECCT), 2017, pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/icecct.2017.8117995

P. Pillay and R. Krishnan, "Application characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous and brushless DC motors for servo drives," IEEE Transactions on industry applications, vol. 27, pp. 986-996, 1991. https://doi.org/10.1109/28.90357

S.-K. Sul, control of electric machine drive systems vol. 88: John Wiley & Sons, 2011.

J. Agrawal and S. Bodkhe, "Low speed sensorless control of PMSM drive using high frequency signal injection," in 2015 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON), 2015, pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/indicon.2015.7443383

O. M. Arafa, G. A. A. Aziz, M. I. A. El-Sebah, and A. A. Mansour, "Observer-based sensorless speed control of PMSM: A focus on drive’s startup," Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology, vol. 3, pp. 181-209, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesit.2015.05.004

K. S. Gaeid, H. W. Ping, M. Khalid, and A. Masaoud, "Sensor and sensorless fault tolerant control for induction motors using a wavelet index," Sensors, vol. 12, pp. 4031-4050, 2012. https://doi.org/10.3390/s120404031

A. A. Bobtsov, A. A. Pyrkin, R. Ortega, S. N. Vukosavic, A. M. Stankovic, and E. V. Panteley, "A robust globally convergent position observer for the permanent magnet synchronous motor," Automatica, vol. 61, pp. 47-54, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2015.07.032

M. Dursun, A. F. Boz, M. Kale, and M. Karabacak, "Sensorless control application of PMSM with a novel adaptation mechanism," Neural Computing and Applications, pp. 1-17, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-016-2384-7

S. Chen, Y. Luo, and Y. Pi, "PMSM sensorless control with separate control strategies and smooth switch from low speed to high speed," ISA transactions, vol. 58, pp. 650-658, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2015.07.013

A. Arias, C. Ortega, J. Zaragoza, J. Espina, and J. Pou, "Hybrid sensorless permanent magnet synchronous machine four quadrant drive based on direct matrix converter," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 45, pp. 78-86, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.08.073

G. Wang, M. Valla, and J. Solsona, "Position sensorless permanent magnet synchronous machine drives—A review," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 67, pp. 5830-5842, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2955409

D. Xu, B. Wang, G. Zhang, G. Wang, and Y. Yu, "A review of sensorless control methods for AC motor drives," CES Transactions on electrical machines and systems, vol. 2, pp. 104-115, 2018. https://doi.org/10.23919/tems.2018.8326456

G. Zhang, G. Wang, and D. Xu, "Saliency-based position sensorless control methods for PMSM drives-A review," Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 3, pp. 14-23, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23919/cjee.2017.8048408

Q. Yuan, Z. Yang, F. Lin, and H. Sun, "Sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motor with stator flux estimation," Journal of Computers, vol. 8, pp. 108-112, 2013. https://doi.org/10.4304/jcp.8.1.108-112

B. Akin, M. Bhardwaj, and J. Warriner, "Sensorless Field Oriented Control of 3-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors," Texas Instruments, Application Notes, 2013.

X. Luo, Q. Tang, A. Shen, and Q. Zhang, "PMSM Sensorless Control by Injecting HF Pulsating Carrier Signal Into Estimated Fixed-Frequency Rotating Reference Frame," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 63, pp. 2294-2303, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2015.2505679

J. Xing, Z. Qin, C. Lin, and X. Jiang, "Research on Startup Process for Sensorless Control of PMSMs Based on IF Method Combined With an Adaptive Compensator," IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 70812-70821, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2987343

X. Jin, R. Ni, W. Chen, F. Blaabjerg, and D. Xu, "High-frequency voltage-injection methods and observer design for initial position detection of permanent magnet synchronous machines," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 33, pp. 7971-7979, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2017.2773094

X. Song, J. Fang, B. Han, and S. Zheng, "Adaptive compensation method for high-speed surface PMSM sensorless drives of EMF-based position estimation error," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 31, pp. 1438-1449, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2015.2423319

G. Xie, K. Lu, S. K. Dwivedi, J. R. Rosholm, and F. Blaabjerg, "Minimum-voltage vector injection method for sensorless control of PMSM for low-speed operations," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 31, pp. 1785-1794, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2015.2426200

G. Wang, J. Kuang, N. Zhao, G. Zhang, and D. Xu, "Rotor position estimation of PMSM in low-speed region and standstill using zero-voltage vector injection," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 33, pp. 7948-7958, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2017.2767294

S. Wang, K. Yang, and K. Chen, "An improved position-sensorless control method at low speed for PMSM based on high-frequency signal injection into a rotating reference frame," IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 86510-86521, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2925214

H. Li, X. Zhang, S. Yang, and S. Liu, "Unified Graphical Model of High-Frequency Signal Injection Methods for PMSM Sensorless Control," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 67, pp. 4411-4421, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2924863

K. Scicluna, C. S. Staines, and R. Raute, "Sensorless Low/Zero Speed Estimation for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Using a Search-Based Real-Time Commissioning Method," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 67, pp. 6010-6018, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2020.2965483

C. Wu, Y. Zhao, and M. Sun, "Enhancing low-speed sensorless control of PMSM using phase voltage measurements and online multiple parameter identification," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, pp. 10700-10710, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2020.2978200

M. A. Hoque, "Speed and position sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor drives," Proceedings of Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering CCECE-94, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccece.1994.405845

D. Yousfi and M. El Adnani, "Indirect position and speed sensing for PMSM sensorless control," in 2007 7th Internatonal Conference on Power Electronics, 2007, pp. 817-822. https://doi.org/10.1109/icpe.2007.4692500

B. W. Harini, F. Husnayain, A. Subiantoro, and F. Yusivar, "A SYNCHRONIZATION LOSS DETECTION METHOD FOR PMSM SPEED SENSORLESS CONTROL," Jurnal Teknologi, vol. 82, 2020. https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v82.14369

J. W. Finch and D. Giaouris, "Controlled AC electrical drives," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, pp. 481-491, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2007.911209

M. Naidu and B. K. Bose, "Rotor position estimation scheme of a permanent magnet synchronous machine for high performance variable speed drive," in Conference Record of the 1992 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, 1992, pp. 48-53. https://doi.org/10.1109/ias.1992.244466

M. Geethu and P. Kunjumon, "Sensorless adaptive PID speed control for permanent magnet synchronous motor drives," in 2016 International Conference on Emerging Technological Trends (ICETT), 2016, pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/icett.2016.7873716

L. Tian, Y. He, M. Lu, Y. Wang, and Y. Hu, "Sensorless Speed Control of High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor based on Model Reference Adaptive System," in 2019 Chinese Control Conference (CCC), 2019, pp. 3126-3131. https://doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2019.8865365

A. Accetta, M. Cirrincione, M. Pucci, and G. Vitale, "Closed-loop MRAS speed observer for linear induction motor drives," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 51, pp. 2279-2290, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/tia.2014.2375377

J. Yang, W. Tang, G. Zhang, Y. Sun, S. Ademi, F. Blaabjerg, et al., "Sensorless control of brushless doubly fed induction machine using a control winding current MRAS observer," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 66, pp. 728-738, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2831168

W.-H. Li, Z.-Y. Chen, and W.-P. Cao, "Simulation research on optimization of permanent magnet synchronous motor sensorless vector control based on MRAS," in 2012 International Conference on Wavelet Active Media Technology and Information Processing (ICWAMTIP), 2012, pp. 350-355. https://doi.org/10.1109/icwamtip.2012.6413511

N. H. Saad, A. A. El-Sattar, and M. A. Gad, "Sensorless Field Oriented Control Based on Improved MRAS Speed Observer for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive," in 2016 Eighteenth International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON), 2016, pp. 991-998. https://doi.org/10.1109/mepcon.2016.7837017

Z. Liao, Q. Zhao, X. Zhang, and L. Cai, "Improved Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Control System Based on Position Sensorless Technology," in 2018 2nd IEEE Advanced Information Management, Communicates, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IMCEC), 2018, pp. 1-2128. https://doi.org/10.1109/imcec.2018.8469760

S. S. Badini and V. Verma, "A Novel MRAS Based Speed Sensorless Vector Controlled PMSM Drive," in 2019 54th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), 2019, pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/upec.2019.8893607

O. C. Kivanc and S. B. Ozturk, "Sensorless PMSM drive based on stator feedforward voltage estimation improved with MRAS multiparameter estimation," IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, vol. 23, pp. 1326-1337, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2018.2817246

H. Wang, X. Ge, and Y.-C. Liu, "Second-order sliding-mode MRAS observer-based sensorless vector control of linear induction motor drives for medium-low speed maglev applications," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 65, pp. 9938-9952, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2818664

D. Yousfi, A. Halelfadl, and M. El Kard, "Review and evaluation of some position and speed estimation methods for PMSM sensorless drives," in Multimedia Computing and Systems, 2009. ICMCS'09. International Conference on, 2009, pp. 409-414. https://doi.org/10.1109/mmcs.2009.5256662

C. L. Baratieri and H. Pinheiro, "New variable gain super-twisting sliding mode observer for sensorless vector control of nonsinusoidal back-EMF PMSM," Control Engineering Practice, vol. 52, pp. 59-69, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2016.04.003

M. Zolfaghari, S. A. Taher, and D. V. Munuz, "Neural network-based sensorless direct power control of permanent magnet synchronous motor," Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 7, pp. 729-740, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2016.01.002

O. Aydogmus and S. Sünter, "Implementation of EKF based sensorless drive system using vector controlled PMSM fed by a matrix converter," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 43, pp. 736-743, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.06.062

A. Hassan, A. El-Sawy, Y. Mohamed, and E. Shehata, "Sensorless sliding mode torque control of an IPMSM drive based on active flux concept," Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 51, pp. 1-9, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2012.07.001

H. Kim, J. Son, and J. Lee, "A high-speed sliding-mode observer for the sensorless speed control of a PMSM," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, pp. 4069-4077, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2010.2098357

L. Jarzebowicz, K. Karwowski, and W. J. Kulesza, "Sensorless algorithm for sustaining controllability of IPMSM drive in electric vehicle after resolver fault," Control Engineering Practice, vol. 58, pp. 117-126, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2016.10.004

E. G. Shehata, "Speed sensorless torque control of an IPMSM drive with online stator resistance estimation using reduced order EKF," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 47, pp. 378-386, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.10.068

S. Bifaretti, V. Iacovone, A. Rocchi, P. Tomei, and C. Verrelli, "Nonlinear speed tracking control for sensorless PMSMs with unknown load torque: From theory to practice," Control Engineering Practice, vol. 20, pp. 714-724, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2012.03.010

A. Accetta, M. Cirrincione, and M. Pucci, "TLS EXIN based neural sensorless control of a high dynamic PMSM," Control Engineering Practice, vol. 20, pp. 725-732, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2012.03.012

Y. Iwaji, R. Takahata, T. Suzuki, and S. Aoyagi, "Position Sensorless Control Method at Zero-Speed Region for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Using the Neutral Point Voltage of Stator Windings," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 52, pp. 4020-4028, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/tia.2016.2582118

W. Xu, Y. Jiang, C. Mu, and F. Blaabjerg, "Improved nonlinear flux observer-based second-order SOIFO for PMSM sensorless control," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 34, pp. 565-579, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2018.2822769

H. Li, X. Zhang, S. Liu, and C. Xu, "Hybrid Sensorless Control Based on I/F and Sliding Mode Observer Using Current Nonlinear Regulation for PMSM Drives," in 2019 22nd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2019, pp. 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1109/icems.2019.8921505

D. Raca, P. Garcia, D. D. Reigosa, F. Briz, and R. D. Lorenz, "Carrier-signal selection for sensorless control of PM synchronous machines at zero and very low speeds," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 46, pp. 167-178, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1109/08ias.2008.225

B. W. Harini, A. Subiantoro, and F. Yusivar, "Stability of the Rotor Flux Oriented Speed Sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Control," in 2018 IEEE 27th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), 2018, pp. 283-289. https://doi.org/10.1109/isie.2018.8433862

B. Yan, X. Wang and Y. Yang, "Starting Performance Improvement of Line-Start Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor Using Composite Solid Rotor," in IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1-4, March 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2017.2753238

B. W. Harini, Subiantoro, A., Yusivar, F., "Study of Speed Sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) Control Problem Due to Braking during Steady State Condition " presented at the 2017 15th International Conference on Quality in Research (QiR) : International Symposium on Electrical and Computer Engineering Bali, Indonesia, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/qir.2017.8168479




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/jiteki.v7i1.20519

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2021 Bernadeta Wuri Harini

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 
About the JournalJournal PoliciesAuthor Information
 

Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Komputer dan Informatika
ISSN 2338-3070 (print) | 2338-3062 (online)
Organized by Electrical Engineering Department - Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
Published by Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
Website: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/jiteki
Email 1: jiteki@ee.uad.ac.id
Email 2: alfianmaarif@ee.uad.ac.id
Office Address: Kantor Program Studi Teknik Elektro, Lantai 6 Sayap Barat, Kampus 4 UAD, Jl. Ringroad Selatan, Tamanan, Kec. Banguntapan, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55191, Indonesia