Analisis kualitas butir soal instrumen assessment diagnostic untuk mendeteksi miskonsepsi siswa SMA pada materi virus

Abstract

Evaluasi merupakan kegiatan, untuk melihat sejauh mana keberhasilan pembelajaran telah dilaksanakan. Kegiatan evaluasi memerlukan alat sebagai pengumpul data yang disebut instrumen. Sebuah instrumen dikatakan baik apabila memenuhi beberapa kriteria. Salah satunyadengan melakukan analisis butir soal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui validitas, reliabilitas, tingkat kesukaran, dan daya pembeda soal pada  insrumen diagnostic materi virus. Responden penelitian berjumlah 346 siswa kelas X, XI, dan XII SMA Negeri dan Swasta di Kota Magelang. Instrumen yang diberikan berupa Assessment Diagnostic pada materi virus, yang terdiri dari soal Kolom Bukti Fakta (KBF), essay, dan Structure Communication Grid (SCG). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif untuk mengetahui kualitas instrumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persentase validitas soal KBF dan SCG 63,2% , soal essay 100%, semua soal reliabel, tingkat kesukaran soal mudah KBF dan SCG 38,6%, soal sedang 37,1%, dan 24,3% soal sukar. Sedangkan kesukaran soal essay 20% pada kategori mudah dan 80% pada kategori sedang. Daya pembeda soal  KBF dan SCG sebesar 62,2% kategori jelek, 31,5% kategori cukup, 6,3% kategori baik. Daya pembeda soal essay 60% soal pada kategori cukup dan 40% soal kategori baik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, dilakukan perbaikan butir soal. Instrumen pada materi virus yang sedang dikembangkan, merupakan yang pertama di Indonesia.

Quality analysis of item in the Assessment Diagnostic instrumen to detect misconceptions in high school students on virus material. Evaluation is an activity to see the extent to which the success of  learning has been carried out. Evaluation activities require tools as data collectors called instrumens. An instrumenis good, if it meets several criteria. One of them is by analyzing questions item. This study was aimed to determine the validity, reliability, level of difficulty, and differentiation of problems in the diagnostic instrumens of virus material. Respondents in this study are 346 students of class X, XI, XII of public and private High Schools in Magelang City. The instrumen provided is in the form of a Diagnostic Assessmenton virus material, which consists of the Facts Proof Column (KBF), essay and Structure Communication Grid (SCG). This research is a quantitative studywhich determine the quality of the instrumen. The results showed the percentageof the validity of KBF and SCG questions was 63,2%, essay questionswere 100%, all questions are reliable, the level of difficulty of easy questions of KBF and SCG is 38,6%, moderate questions are 37,1%, and 24,3% are difficult questions. While the difficulty of the essay is 20% in the easy category and 80% in the medium category.The differentiation of the KBF and SCG questions is 62,2% in the bad category, 31,5% in the sufficient category, 6,3% in the good category. The differentiation of essay questions 60% in adequate category and 40% in good categories. Based on the analysis, further improvements were made to the items. Instrumens in the virus material which are being developed are the first in Indonesia.