Antibacterial activity of fractions from papaya seeds (Carica papaya L.) extract against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi and the contributing compounds

Devi Nisa Hidayati, Nurul Hidayati, Esa Evinda, Nur Rahayu Fitriana, Awal Prichatin Kusumadewi

Abstract


Papaya (Carica papaya L.) seed has been reported to have antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. It contains compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of fractions from the ethanolic extract of papaya seed against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi and identify the specific compounds that contribute to their efficacy. Papaya seeds were extracted through maceration with 70% ethanol solvent, and the extracts were subjected to fractionation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water solvents and followed by a diffusion method to examine the antibacterial activity of both extracts and fractions. Fractions with a series of concentrations were used, namely 10-50% (n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions) and 100-500% (water fraction). The compounds of the ethanolic extract and its fractions were identified with phytochemical screening. The results showed that the n-hexane and water fractions exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli when applied at a minimum of 10% and 100% concentration, respectively, but not against Salmonella typhi. Meanwhile, starting from 10% concentration, the ethyl acetate fraction was able to prevent the growth of both Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. The compound detection tests revealed that the n-hexane fraction contained alkaloids and terpenoids, the ethyl acetate fraction had alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins, and the water fraction comprised flavonoids and saponins.

 


Keywords


Carica papaya L. seeds; fractions; Escherichia coli; Salmonella typhi

Full Text:

PDF

References


BPOM RI, 2013, Pedoman Cara Pembuatan Simplisia Yang Baik, Badan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan, Jakarta.

Campbell., Neil A., Jane, B.R., Lisa, A.U., Michael, B.C., Steven, A.W., Peter, V.M., and Robert,B.J., 2010, Biologi Jilid 1, Ed. 8, Erlangga, Jakarta.

Depkes RI, 1991, Petunjuk Pemeriksaan Mikrobiologi Makanan Dan Minuman, Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Jakarta.

Gunawan, D., and Mulyani, S., 2004, Ilmu Obat Alam (farmakognosi), Jilid I, Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta.

Harborne, J.B., 1987, Metode Fitokimia: Penentuan Cara Modern Menganalisis Tumbuhan, translated by Padmawinata, K., Universitas Teknologi Bandung Press, Bandung

Hernández N.E., Tereschuk M.L., and Abdala L.R., 2000, Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids in medicinal plants from Tafí del Valle (Tucumán, Argentina), Journal of Ethnopharmacology., 73(1-2):317–322.

Jawetz, E., Melnick, J.L., and Adelberg, E., Edition 20, 1995, Mikrobiologi Kedokteran, translation and editing by Bagian Mikrobiologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Airlangga, Salemba Medika, Jakarta.

Markham, K.R., 1988, Cara Identifikasi Flavonoid, translated by Kosasih, ITB, Bandung.

McMurry, J. and R. C. Fay, 2004, McMurry Fay Chemistry, 4th Edition, Belmont, CA.: Pearson Education International.

Oleszek, W.A., 2002, Chromatographic Determination of Plant Saponins, J. Chromatogr. A., 967 (1): 147–162.

Pelczar, M.C., and Chan, E.C.S., 1988, Dasar-Dasar Mikrobiologi 1, translated by Hadisoetomo, R.S., Universitas Indonesia Press, Jakarta.

Radji, M., 2005, Peranan Bioteknologi dan Mikroba Endofit dalam Pengembangan Obat Herbal, Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian, 2(3):113-126.

Siadi, K., 2012, Ekstrak Bungkil Biji Jarak Pagar (Jatropa curcas) sebagai Biopestisida yang Efektif dengan Penambahan Larutan NaCl, Jurnal MIPA, 35(2): 77-83.

Singh, O., and Ali., 2011, Phytochemical and Antifungal Profiles of the Seed of Carica papaya L, Indian J Pharm, 73(4), 447-51.

Taufiq, S., Yuniarni, U., and Hazar, S., 2015, Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Biji Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) terhadap Escherichia coli dan Salmonella Typhi, Prosiding Penelitian SPeSIA Unisba (Kesehatan dan Farmasi), 654-661.

Tiwari, P., Kumar, B., Kaur, M., Kaur, G., and Kaur, H., 2011, Phytochemical Screening and Extraction: A Review, Internationale Pharmaceutica Sciencia, 1(1), 98-106.

Tjaniadi, P., Lesmana, M., and Subekti, D., 2003, Antimicrobial Resistance of Bacterial Pathogens Associated with Diarrheal Patients in Indonesia, Am J Trop Med Hyg, 68 (6), 666-670.

Voight, R., 1994, Buku Pelajaran Teknologi Farmasi, translated by Soendani Noerono Soewandhi, Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.

Warisno, 2003, Budidaya Pepaya, Kanisius, Yogyakarta

Zablotowicz, R.M., Hoagland, R.E., and Wagner, S.C., 1996, Effect of saponins on the growth and activity of Rhizosphere bacteria. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 405(1):83–95.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/pharmaciana.v9i1.12438

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2021 Devi Nisa Hidayati, Nurul Hidayati, Esa Evinda, Nur Rahayu Fitriana, Awal Prichatin Kusumadewi

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 
Pharmaciana
ISSN Print: 2088-4559 | ISSN Online: 2477-0256
Website: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/PHARMACIANA
Office: Faculty of  Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
Jl. Prof. Dr. Soepomo, S.H., Janturan, Warungboto, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Kode pos 55164
Email: pharmaciana@pharm.uad.ac.id