Al-WalÄ` in Islamic Inheritance Law: Looking for Its Legal Effects
Abstract
Introduction to The Problem: Slaves and slavery had existed since before Islam preached by Muhammad (PBUH). Islam provides gradual problem-solving methods regarding slavery; one of them is through inheritance. In Islamic Law terms, it called al-walÄ’ or liberated slaves. The slave that freed by the master will gain the estate from him. However, slavery is now viewed as merely an academic discourse since it is considered no longer exist.
Purpose/Objective Study: The purpose of this research is to find out the legal standing and legal effect of al- walÄ’ in the Islamic Inheritance Law.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This study is classified as a normative study. The study employed secondary data obtained from the literature review on al- walÄ,’ and it analyzed descriptively using the conceptual approach.
Findings: The study found that the substance for al- walÄ’ in the Islamic Inheritance Law of inheritance is to liberate slavery through legal descent-based kinship (nasab ḥukmÄ«). A person who frees the slaves holds al- walÄ’ right. Accordingly, he has the right to inherit the slave’s wealth when the slave dies and does not have any inheritors. Second, al- walÄ’ brings a legal effect on the freed slaves, namely, the person who releases the slave, the slave’s left wealth, guardianship, legal competence, and the inheritance itself.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Al-Bukhari, A. A. M. I. I. (1987). á¹¢aḥīḥ Al-BukhÄrÄ« (M. D. Al-Bugha, Ed.). Beirut: DÄr Ibn Kaṡīr.
Al-Daruqutni, A. ibn U. (2004). Sunan Al-DÄruquá¹nÄ«y (1st ed.; S. Alarnaut, H. A. M. Syalabi, & S. Allaham, Eds.). Beirut: Al-Resalah Publisher.
Al-Fauzan, S. (n.d.). TafsÄ«r juz ’amma. Cairo: Al-DÄrul ’Ālamiyyah.
Al-Hakim, A. A. M. I. A. (2002). Al-Mustadrak ’ala Al-Ṣaḥīḥain (M. Abd Al-Qadir, Ed.). Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
Al-Hamawi, U. (2007). Al-TabannÄ«y wa musykilat al-luqaá¹Ä` wa asbÄb ṡubÅ«t al-nasab: DirÄsah fiqhiyyah ijtimÄ’iyyah muqÄranah. Majallah JÄmi’ah Dimasyq Lil ‘UlÅ«m Al-Iqtiá¹£Ädiyah Wa Al-QanÅ«niyah, 23, 511–534. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3dKra93
Al-Hasan, S. A. (2012). Ḥukm al-tabannÄ«y fÄ« al-IslÄm. Dauriyah Al-‘UlÅ«m
Wa Al-Buḥūṡ Al-IslÄmiyah, 4, 1–10. Retrieved from http://www.sustech.edu/staff_publications/20120911053033565.pdf
Al-Mabruri, M. N. U. (2017). Keadilan pembagian harta warisan perspektif hukum Islam dan Burgerlijk Wetboek. Al-Mazahib, 5(1), 111–131. Retrieved from http://ejournal.uin-suka.ac.id/syariah/almazahib/article/view/1394
Al-Tirmidzi, A. I. M. I. I. I. S. (2005). Sunan At-TirmidzÄ« (S. J. Al-Attar, Ed.). Beirut: DÄr al-Fikr.
Arsal, A. (2012). Kewarisan dalam perspektif Al-Qur’an (Mengungkap filosofi porsi bagian laki-laki dan perempuan 2:1). Al-Hurriyah, 13(1), 19–42. Retrieved from http://ejournal.iainbukittinggi.ac.id/index.php/alhurriyah/article/view/580
Arto, A. M. (2012). Peradilan agama dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia: Kajian historis, filosofis, politis, yuridis, futuristis, dan pragmaatis. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Asyhadie, Z. (2018). Hukum keperdataan (dalam perspektif hukum nasional, hukum perdata (BW), hukum Islam, dan hukum adat) (1st ed.). Depok: Rajawali Press.
At-Tuwaijiri, M. bin I. bin A. (2016). Ensiklopedi Islam kaffah (6th ed.; M. Y. Harun, Ed.). Surabaya: Pustaka Yassir.
Daud, Z. F. M. (2018). Menyoal rekonstruksi maqashid dalam pembaharuan hukum kewarisan Islam. Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura, 18(1), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v18i1.2843
Dewata, M. F. N., & Achmad, Y. (2010). Dualisme penelitian hukum normatif & empiris (1st ed.). Jakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Dzhofron, D., & Manzilati, A. (2016). Identifikasi maqashid syariah pada pembagian waris (Studi kasus pada warga lembaga dakwah Islam Indonesia di Kota Malang). Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FEB Universitas Brawijaya, 5(1), 1–12. Retrieved from https://jimfeb.ub.ac.id/index.php/jimfeb/article/view/3404
Engineer, A. A. (2009). Islam dan teologi pembebasan (5th ed.). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Fatkhi, R. M., & Lisalam, R. H. (2018). Membumikan HAM mengikis perbudakan (Kajian mawá¸Ã»â€™Ã® terhadap hadîts-hadîts perbudakan). Refleksi, 17(2), 151–168. https://doi.org/10.15408/ref.v17i2.10203
Jamil, M. (2016). Nasab dalam perspektif tafsir ahkam. AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 16(1), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v16i1.2902
Karim, N. S. (2017). ḤirmÄn al-mar`ah min al-mÄ«rÄṡ fi al-‘urf al-LÄ«bÄ«y min al-manẓūr al-qibalÄ«y wa al-fiqh al-MÄlikÄ«y. Islamic State University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim.
Latif, M. A. (2010). Ahli waris pengganti (Studi komparasi menurut kompilasi hukum Islam dan menurut Hzairin). Varia Peradilan, 292, 33–51.
Lubis, S. K., & Simanjutak, K. (1996). Hukum kewarisan Islam (Lengkap & Praktis). Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.
Luthfi, H. (2019). Budak dalam literatur fiqih klasik (Pertama; M. Marfuah, Ed.). Jakarta Selatan: Rumah Fiqih Publishing.
Majah, I. (2009). Sunan Ibn MÄjah (S. Al-Arnaut, Ed.). Damaskus: DÄr ar-RisÄlah.
Mehregan, A. (2016). Islamo-Arabic culture and women’s law: An introduction to the sociology of women’s law in Islam. International Journal for the Semiotics of Law-Revue Internationale de Sémiotique Juridique, 29(2), 405–424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11196-016-9467-8
Muhibbin, M., & Wahid, A. (2009). Hukum kewarisan Islam sebagai pembaharuan hukum positif di Indonesia (Pertama). Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.
Muslim, A. H. (1991). á¹¢aḥīḥ Muslim (1st ed.). Cairo: DÄr Al-Ḥadīṡ.
Musyafaah, N. L. (2017). Filsafat kewarisan dalam hukum Islam.
Al-Qanun, 20(1), 56–76. Retrieved from http://jurnalfsh.uinsby.ac.id/index.php/qanun/article/view/550
Nasution, A. S. A. (2015). Perbudakan dalam hukum Islam. AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v15i1.2852
Palawa, A. H. (2016). Api Islam Syed Ameer Ali: Perdebatan atas
wacara poligami, budak, dan eskatologi. Toleransi: Media Komunikasi
Umat Beragama, 8(1), 97–116. Retrieved from http://103.193.19.206/index.php/toleransi/article/view/2473
Permana, S. (2018). Kesetaraan gender dalam ijtihad hukum waris di Indonesia. Asy-Syari’ah, 20(2), 117–132. https://doi.org/10.15575/as.v20i2.3210
Rifenta, R., & Prayogo, T. I. (2019). Nilai keadilan dalam sistem kewarisan Islam.
Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 13(1), 111–127. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v0i1.2117
Roham, A. (2009). Ensiklopedi lintas agama (1st ed.). Jakarta: Emerald.
Sa’adah, S. L. (2015). Maqashid al-syariah dalam hukum kewarisan Islam. Al-Ahwal, 7(1), 125–146. Retrieved from https://adoc.tips/maqashid-al-syari-ah-dalam-hukum-kewarisan-islam.html
Sahroni, O., & Karim, A. A. (2015). Maqashid bisnis & keuangan Islam : Sintesis fikih dan ekonomi (1st ed.). Jakarta: Rajawali Press.
Saiin, A. (2016). Menelaah hukum waris pra-Islam dan awal Islam serta peletakan dasar-dasar hukum kewarisan Islam. Al-Ahwal: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam, 9(1), 125. https://doi.org/10.14421/ahwal.2016.09108
Sakirman. (2016). Hukum waris Islam berbasis gender. Akademika Jurnal
Keagamaan Dan Pendidikan, 12(2), 48–55. Retrieved from http://ejournal.kampusmelayu.ac.id/index.php/akademika/article/view/13
Saleh, S. (1972). Women in Islam: Their status in religious and traditional culture. International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 2(1), 35–42. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/23027836.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A1f599f7c4d5d1fae1346e8831e499489
Sarong, A. H. (2016). Hukum Islam dan Sistem pengangkatan anak di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Kaukaba Dipantara.
Siddique, H. M. (2017). An appraisal to the status of woman in pre and post Arabian Peninsula with specific reference to her marital rights. Zia-E-Tahqeeq, 7(13), 19–40. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/39uhqws
Siregar, A. S. (2018). Politik hukum syarak terhadap perbudakan. Jurnal Al-Mabhats, 3(2). Retrieved from https://ejurnal.iainlhokseumawe.ac.id/index.php/al-mabhats/article/view/235
Songgirin, A. (2018). Relevansi al-wala’ dalam membela nilai-nilai kemanusiaan perbudakan. Rechtsregel, 1(2), 255–274. Retrieved from http://www.openjournal.unpam.ac.id/index.php/rjih/article/view/2217
Sukarna, K., & Hambali, J. K. (2017). Implementas hak atas ahli waris anak kandung non muslim dalam perspektif hukum Islam yang berlaku di Indonesia. Jurnal Ius Constituendum, 2(2), 170. https://doi.org/10.26623/jic.v2i2.659
Sullivan, J. (2019). Kajian hukum sebab-sebab mendapat dan tidak mendapat warisan menurut hukum waris Islam. Lex Privatum, 7(3), 87–94. Retrieved from https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/lexprivatum/article/view/25915/25557
Suparman, E. (2014). Hukum waris Islam dalam perspektif Islam, adat, dan BW (4th ed.). Bandung: Refika Aditama.
Suwarna, S. D. (2018). Fiqih mawaris (syariat kewarisan) di Indonesia. Jurnal Syariah Hukum Islam, 1(2), 93–107. Retrieved from journal.iaialmawar.ac.id/index.php/JSHI/article/view/147/49
Wahid, A. H. (2015). Perbudakan dalam pandangan Islam hadith and sirah nabawiyah: Textual and contextual studies. Nuansa, VIII(2), 141–205. Retrieved from https://ejournal.iainbengkulu.ac.id/index.php/nuansa/article/view/392
Zubaidi, A. (2017). Al-ḤuqÅ«q al-mÄliyah fÄ« surah al-NisÄ: DirÄsah Mauá¸Å«â€™iyyah. Ãœniversité Elchaid Hamma Lakhdar – El-Oued.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/novelty.v11i1.a15307
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2020 Jurnal Hukum Novelty
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Hukum Novelty
ISSN 1412-6834 (Print)
ISSN 2550-0090 (Online)
This journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Hukum Novelty has been covered by the following indexing sites:
Jurnal Hukum Novelty is member of:
