Pendidikan inklusi: Tantangan dan strategi implementasinya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26555/jptp.v5i2.25076Keywords:
anak berkebutuhan khusus, pendidikan anak berkebutuhan khusus, pendidikan inklusi, strategi, tantanganAbstract
Kebijakan pendidikan inklusi dirumuskan berdasarkan prinsip kesetaraan agar anak berkebutuhan khusus dapat mengakses pendidikan sebagaimana anak normal lainnya di sekolah reguler. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengulas hambatan atau tantangan yang dihadapi dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan inklusi di sekolah serta menjabarkan strategi yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk mengoptimalkan penyelenggaraan pendidikan inklusi. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan scoping literature review. Data diperoleh dengan meninjau beberapa situs database yakni Google Scholar, Research Gate, Science Direct, dan ERIC. Hasil dan kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan tantangan atau hambatan yang dihadapi dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan inklusi meliputi minimnya sarana penunjang pendidikan inklusi, terbatasnya pemahaman dan kompetensi yang dimiliki oleh para guru di sekolah inklusi, sistem kurikulum yang belum mengakomodasi kebutuhan ABK, stigma negatif dari masyarakat, manajemen dan sumber daya sekolah yang kurang memadai, dan lain sebagainya. Sementara itu, strategi yang dapat diterapkan untuk mengatasi hambatan implementasi pendidikan inklusi di sekolah antara lain dengan meningkatkan kualitas in-service training (INSET) kepada guru, menyediakan kurikulum inklusi, menyelenggarakan program awareness, school-based professional development programmes, family support, kontekstualisasi proses pembelajaran, keterlibatan pemerintah dalam penyediaan layanan dan fasilitas umum yang ramah bagi ABK, hingga kerjasama dan kolaborasi dengan stakeholders baik secara regional, nasional, maupun internasional. Temuan ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi bagi dunia pendidikan khususnya psikologi pendidikan dengan menjabarkan apa saja kendala yang masih menjadi permasalahan dalam implementasi pendidikan inklusi di tingkat sekolah. Selain itu, berbagai strategi yang telah diuraikan dapat memperkuat konsep dan temuan dari penelitian sebelumnya, serta digunakan sebagai referensi atau bahan pertimbangan dalam membuat langkah intervensi yang tepat sesuai dengan karakteristik permasalahan yang dihadapi.
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