Gingerol and shogaol on red ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) using high-performance liquid chromatography

Authors

  • Johan Sukweenadhi University of Surabaya http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6615-7447
  • Putu Diah Damitasari Department of Pharmaceutical Biology,, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya
  • Kartini Kartini Department of Pharmaceutical Biology,, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya
  • Pissa Christanti PT. Bintang Toedjoe, Pulomas, Jakarta
  • Evanie Noor Putri PT. Bintang Toedjoe, Pulomas, Jakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12928/pharmaciana.v13i2.25246

Keywords:

gingerol, HPLC, red ginger, shogaol

Abstract

Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) is one of the traditional medicines of the Zingiberaceae family, which contains phenolic ketone compounds, including gingerol and shogaol. At high temperatures, gingerol compounds become unstable and will change into shogaol. This study optimized conditions for the simultaneous separation of 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol and 6-shogaol from the red ginger extract using the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography method. The analytical conditions consisted of five different methods by modifying the composition of the mobile phase, the elution system, the flow rate of the mobile phase and the optimum UV wavelength. The best conditions for the simultaneous separation using a ratio of water: acetonitrile mobile phase in method 4 with a gradient elution system including 0 min (65:35); 1.5 min (40:60); 5-6.5 min (10:90); 7.5–9 min (0:100); 9.5–12 min (65:35); the mobile phase flow rate was 1.1 mL/min at an optimum wavelength of 230 nm with a retention time of 6-gingerol compound, 6-shogaol, 8-gingerol and 10-gingerol respectively were 4.947; 6.168; 6.554; and 7.412 min and its resolution were 2.267; 1.575; 1.315; and 2.215. Then the tailings factor and asymmetry values were obtained with an average value of ± 1.

References

Departemen Kesehatan RI (2017) Farmakope Herbal Indonesia edisi II. Jakarta: Indonesia.

Aly, U. I. et al. (2013) 'Characterization of 6-Gingerol for In Vivo and In Vitro Ginger officinale ) Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography', pp. 9–17.

Fadaki, F., Modaresi, M. and Sajjadian, I. (2017) 'The effects of ginger extract and diazepam on anxiety reduction in animal model', Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 51(3), pp. 159–162. DOI: 10.5530/ijper.51.3s.4.

Gandjar, I. G. and Rohman, A. (2012) Kimia Farmasi Analisis. Yogyakarta: PUSTAKA PELAJAR.

Herawati, I. E. and Saptarini, N. M. (2020) ‘Studi Fitokimia pada Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale Roscoe Var. Sunti Val)’, Majalah Farmasetika, 4(Suppl 1), pp. 22–27. DOI: 10.24198/mfarmasetika.v4i0.25850.

Kou, X. et al. (2018) 'Simultaneous extraction of hydrophobic and hydrophilic bioactive compounds from ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)', Food Chemistry, pp. 1–23. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.02.125.

Liu, M. et al. (2014) 'Variations in the contents of gingerols and chromatographic fingerprints of ginger root extracts prepared by different preparation methods', Journal of AOAC International, 97(1), pp. 50–57. DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.12-437.

Lloyd R. Synder, Kirkland, J. J. and Dolan, J. W. (2010) Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition. 3rd ed. New Jersey: A John Wiley & Sons.

Ok, S. and Jeong, W. S. (2012) 'Optimization of extraction conditions for the 6-shogaol-rich extract from ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)', Preventive Nutrition and Food Science, 17(2), pp. 166–171. DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2012.17.2.166.

Pradhita, F. et al. (2012) ‘Optimasi Proses Ekstraksi Gingerol Dari Rimpang Jahe Segar Menggunakan Pelarut n-Hexane Secara Batch’, Jurnal Teknologi Kimia dan Industri, 1, pp. 468–473.

Purwakusumah, E. D. et al. (2014) 'Identification and Authentication of Jahe Merah Using Combination of FTIR Spectrocopy and Chemometrics', 34(1), pp. 82–87.

Salmon, C. N. A. et al. (2012) 'Characterisation of cultivars of Jamaican ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) by HPTLC and HPLC', Food Chemistry, 131(4), pp. 1517–1522. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.115.

Sembiring, P. and Lestari, L. (2022) ‘Formulasi Dan Uji Efektivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Lotion Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sawao Terhadap Bakteri Stapylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli’, Farmasi dan Herbal, 4, pp. 21–28. Available at: http://ejournal.delihusada.ac.id/index.php/JK2M.

Srikandi, S., Humaeroh, M. and Sutamihardja, R. (2020) ‘Kandungan Gingerol Dan Shogaol Dari Ekstrak Jahe Merah (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) Dengan Metode Maserasi Bertingkat’, al-Kimiya, 7(2), pp. 75–81. DOI: 10.15575/ak.v7i2.6545.

Vankar, P. S. (2010) 'Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction in Different Solvents for Phytochemical Study of Canna indica International Journal of Food Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction in Different Solvents for Phytochemical Study of Canna indica', International Journal of Food Engineering, 6(3). DOI: 10.2202/1556-3758.1599.

Yang, Y. et al. (2017) 'Simultaneous Determination of 8 Compounds in Gancao-Ganjiang-Tang by HPLC-DAD and Analysis of the Relations between Compatibility, Dosage, and Contents of Medicines', Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2017. DOI: 10.1155/2017/4703632.

You, H. et al. (2019) 'Determination of bioactive nonvolatile ginger constituents in dietary supplements by a rapid and economic HPLC method: Analytical method development and single-laboratory validation', Talanta, 194 (September 2018), pp. 795–802. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.075.

Zhang, S. et al. (2022) 'Simple HPLC Method For The Quantification Of Gingerols ( 4-, 6-, 8-, AND 10- ) and Shogaols ( 6-, 8-, AND 10- ) in Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ( SC-CO 2) Extract', Rasayan, 15(1), pp. 65–71. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31788/RJC.2022.1516682.

Downloads

Published

2023-07-26

Issue

Vol. 13 No. 2 (2023): Pharmaciana

Section

Analytical Pharmacy and Medicinal Chemistry

License

Authors who publish with Pharmaciana agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. 
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.