In vitro antimicrobial activity and formulation of herbal anti-acne gel containing Rhizophora stylosa fruits extract

Authors

  • Azrifitria Azrifitria Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, Syarif Hidayatullah Islamic State University, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Sri Purwaningsih Department of Aquatic Products Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia.
  • Annisa Rahma Fatmala Department of Aquatic Products Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12928/pharmaciana.v12i3.21942

Keywords:

antibacterial, herbal gel, red mangrove fruits, Rhizophora stylosa

Abstract

Mangrove fruits have a variety of bioactive metabolites that may control microbial growth. The present study was conducted to formulate and evaluate the antibacterial activities of Rhizophora stylosa fruit extract. The antibacterial activity of R. stylosa crude extract was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Propionibacterium acnes by disc diffusion method. The herbal gel formulations were developed using different concentrations of kappa carrageenan and Carbomer 940 as the gelling agent. The physicochemical characteristics and in vitro antibacterial activity of the gel were evaluated. The results revealed that the extract had a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 0.05 mg/ml against S. aureus and P. acne, and 0.1 mg/mL against S. epidermidis. All herbal gel formulations with 0.5% w/w of the extract showed a strong inhibitory activity against P. acnes. The herbal gel showed a good homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and physical stability in an accelerated condition. Among all formulation studied, F1 was considered as the optimized formulation which contains 0.5% of the R. stylosa fruit extract with 0.25% kappa carrageenan and 0.5% Carbomer 940. It can be concluded that the developed gel formulation has potential against Acne vulgaris. Further research is needed to determine the safety and efficacy so R. stylosa can be developed as an alternative natural anti-acne agent.

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Published

2022-11-14

Issue

Vol. 12 No. 3 (2022): Pharmaciana

Section

Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology

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