Distribution of cytochrome P450*4 (CYP2A6*4) allele gene among Javanese Indonesian T2DM patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12928/pharmaciana.v11i1.18468Keywords:
Smoking, Polymorphism, CYP2A6*4, Type 2 Diabetes MellitusAbstract
Smoking had been increasing the risk factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), both active and passive smokers, which is caused by nicotine contained in cigarettes. Nicotine has metabolized by cytochrome p450 2a6 (CYP2A6) enzyme coded by the CYP2A6 gene. This gene was a high polymorphism that is the CYP2A6*4 allele gene was inactive. Thus, our objective was to describe the CYP2A6*4 allele gene among active and passive Javanese smokers with T2DM. From this cross-sectional study, we identified this allele gene among 46 of the adults with T2DM, which were consist of 23 active smokers and 23 passive smokers. The CYP2A6*4 allele gene identification has done using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. The CYP2A6*4 allele frequency was analyzed to describe the distribution of this allele among the participants. This study supports the hypothesis that smoking, including cigarette smoke, was an environmentally modifiable risk factor for developing T2DM. Based on our result, the allele frequency among the participants was 42.39%. A high frequency of the CYP2A4 allele gene among the participants was indicating that the CYP2A4 allele gene was also the other risk factor in developing T2DM.
References
ADA. (2014). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes- 2014. Diabetes Care, 37, S14–S80. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc14-S014
Agbogli, H. K., & Annan, R. (2017). Prevalence and risk factors of diabetes mellitus among the inhabitants of kumasi metropolis. Archives of Clinical and Biomedical Research, 1(4), 224–234. https://doi.org/10.26502/acbr.50170025
Al Mansour, M. A. (2020). The prevalence and risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2) in a semi-urban Saudi population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010007
Alva, M. L., Hoerger, T. J., Zhang, P., & Gregg, E. W. (2017). Identifying risk for type 2 diabetes in different age cohorts : does one size fit all ? Diabetes Research and Care, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2017-000447
Ando, M., Hamajima, N., Ariyoshi, N., Kamataki, T., Matsuo, K., & Ohno, Y. (2003). Association of CYP2A6 gene deletion with cigarette smoking status in Japanese adults. Journal of Epidemiology, 13(3), 176–181. https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.13.176
Asiimwe, D., Mauti, G. O., & Kiconco, R. (2020). Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in Elderly Patients Aged 45-80 Years at Kanungu District. 2020.
Association, A. D. (2011). Executive Summary: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2011. Diabetes Care, 34(Supplement 1), S4–S10. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-S004
Bajaj, M. (2012). Nicotine and Insulin Resistance: When the Smoke Clears. Diabetes, 61(12), 3078–3080. https://doi.org/10.2337/db12-1100
Barber, S., Adioetomo, S. M., Ahsan, A., & Setyonaluri, D. (2008). Tobacco Economics in Indonesia. The Union.
Berenson, Q. M. N. J.-H. X. W. C. S. R. S. G. S. (2012). Correlates of age onset of type 2 diabetes among relatively young black and white adults in a community. Diabetes Care, 35, 1341–1246. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-1818
Bergman, B. C., Perreault, L., Hunerdosse, D., Kerege, A., Playdon, M., Samek, A. M., & Eckel, R. H. (2012). Novel and Reversible Mechanisms of Smoking-Induced Insulin Resistance in Humans. Diabetes, 61(12), 3156–3166. https://doi.org/10.2337/db12-0418
Binh, T. Q., & Nhung, B. T. (2016). Prevalence and risk factors of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged women in Northern Vietnam. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries, 36(2), 150–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-015-0372-6
Borowitz, J. L., & Isom, G. E. (2008). Nicotine and Type 2 Diabetes. Toxicological Sciences, 103(2), 225–227. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfn050
Buell, C., Kermah, D., & Davidson, M. B. (2007). Utility of A1C for diabetes screening in the 1999 2004 NHANES population. Diabetes Care, 30(9), 2233–2235. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc07-0585
Campagna, D., Alamo, A., Pino, A. Di, Russo, C., Calogero, A. E., Purrello, F., & Polosa, R. (2019). Smoking and diabetes : dangerous liaisons and confusing relationships. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-019-0482-2
Cederberg, H., & Stan, A. (2014). Family history of type 2 diabetes increases the risk of both obesity and its complications : is type 2 diabetes a disease of inappropriate lipid storage ? https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12289
Chang, S. A. (2012). Smoking and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes & Metabolism Journal, 36(6), 399–403. https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2012.36.6.399
Chenoweth, M. J., O’Loughlin, J., Sylvestre, M.-P., & Tyndale, R. F. (2013). CYP2A6 slow nicotine metabolism is associated with increased quitting by adolescent smokers. Pharmacogenetics and Genomics, 23(4), 232–235. https://doi.org/10.1097/FPC.0b013e32835f834d
Cho, N. H., Chan, J. C. N., Jang, H. C., Lim, S., Kim, H. L., & Choi, S. H. (2009). Cigarette Smoking is An Independent Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes : a Four-Year Community-Based Prospective Study. J. Clin. Endocrinol., 71, 679–685. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03586.x
Chowdhury, G., Calcutt, M. W., & Guengerich, F. P. (2010). Oxidation of N-Nitrosoalkylamines by human cytochrome P450 2A6: sequential oxidation to aldehydes and carboxylic acids and analysis of reaction steps. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 285(11), 8031–8044. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.088039
Cornier, M., Donahoo, W. T., Pereira, R., Gurevich, I., Westergren, R., Enerback, S., Eckel, P. J., Goalstone, M. L., Hill, J. O., Eckel, R. H., Draznin, B., Donahoo, W. T., Pereira, R., Gurevich, I., Enerback, S., Eckel, P. J., Goalstone, M. L., Hill, J. O., Robert, H., & Draznin, B. (2005). Insulin sensitivity determines the effectiveness of dietary macronutrient composition on weight loss in obese women. Obesity Research, 13(4), 703–709.
Eze, I. C., Schaffner, E., Zemp, E., Eckardstein, A. Von, Turk, A., Bettschart, R., Schindler, C., & Probst-hensch, N. (2014). Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and diabetes in adult never-smokers. Environmental Health, 13, 1–9.
Fujieda, M., Yamazaki, H., Saito, T., Kiyotani, K., Gyamfi, M. A., Sakurai, M., Dosaka-Akita, H., Sawamura, Y., Yokota, J., Kunitoh, H., & Kamataki, T. (2004). Evaluation of CYP2A6 genetic polymorphisms as determinants of smoking behavior and tobacco-related lung cancer risk in male Japanese smokers. Carcinogenesis, 25(12), 2451–2458. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgh258
Gatineau Mary, Hancock Caroline, Holman Naomi, Outhwaite Helen, Oldridge Lorraine, C. A. and E. L. (2014). Adult obesity and type 2 diabetes. Public Health England.
Gudbjornsdottir, N. S. A. R. S. F. A. R. A.-M. S. A. R. D. K. M. B. E. S. (2019). Age at Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Associations With. Circulation, 2228–2237. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037885
Hackethal, V. (2015). Passive smoking increases risk for type 2 diabetes. 9–11.
Heatherton, T. . F., Kozlowki, L., Frecker, R. C., & Fagerstrom, K. ar.-O. (1991). The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence: A revision of the fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire (pp. 1119–1127). British Journal of Addiction.
Hilawe, E. H., Yatsuya, H., Li, Y., Uemura, M., Wang, C., Chiang, C., Toyoshima, H., Tamakoshi, K., Zhang, Y., Kawazoe, N., & Aoyama, A. (2015). Smoking and diabetes : Is the association mediated by adiponectin , Leptin , or C-reactive Protein ? 25(2), 99–109. https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20140055
Hong, J. W., Ku, C. R., Noh, J. H., Ko, K. S., Rhee, B. D., & Kim, D. J. (2018). Association between Self-Reported Smoking and Hemoglobin A1c in a Korean Population without Diabetes : The 2011 – 2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PLoS ONE, 10(5), 1–8.
Hu, F. B. (2011). Globalization of Diabetes The role of diet , lifestyle , and genes. Diabetes Care, 34, 1249–1257. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-0442
Jee, S.H.; Foong, A.W.; Hur, N.W.; Samet, J. M. (2010). Smoking and Risk for Diabetes Incidence. Diabetes Care, 33(12), 2567–2572. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc10-0261.
Kirkman, M.S; Briscoe, V.J; Clark, N.; Florez, H.; Haas, L.B.; Halter, J.B.; Huang, E.S.; Korytkwoski, M.T., Munshi, M.N.; Odegard, P.S.; Pratley, R.E.; Swift, C. S. (2012). Diabetes in Older Adults. Diabetes Care, 35(10), 2650–2664. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc12-1801
Kowall, B., Rathmann, W., Strassburger, K., Heier, M., Holle, R., Thorand, B., Giani, G., Peters, A., & Meisinger, C. (2010). Association of passive and active smoking with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly population: the KORA S4/F4 cohort study. European Journal of Epidemiology, 25(6), 393–402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-010-9452-6
Kushida, H., Fujita, K., Suzuki, A., Yamada, M., Endo, T., Nohmi, T., & Kamataki, T. (2000). Metabolic activation of N-alkylnitrosamines in genetically engineered Salmonella typhimurium expressing CYP2E1 or CYP2A6 together with human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase. Carcinogenesis, 21(6), 1227–1232. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/21.6.1227
Lees, D. J., Barnett, Y. A., & Barnett, C. R. (2004). DNA damage and cytotoxicity in pancreatic b -cells expressing human CYP2E1. Biochemical Pharmacology, 68, 523–530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2004.04.008
Liu, S., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., Hu, F. B., Giovannucci, E., Colditz, G. A., Hennekens, C. H., & Willett, W. C. (2000). A Prospective Study of Whole-Grain Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in US Women. American Journal of Public Health, 90(9), 1409–1415.
Liu, T., Chen, W.-Q., David, S. P., Tyndale, R. F., Wang, H., Chen, Y.-M., Yu, X.-Q., Chen, W., Zhou, Q., & Ling, W.-H. (2011). Interaction between heavy smoking and CYP2A6 genotypes on type 2 diabetes and its possible pathways. European Journal of Endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies, 165(6), 961–967. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-11-0596
Liu, X., Bragg, F., Yang, L., Kartsonaki, C., Guo, Y., Du, H., Bian, Z., Chen, Y., Yu, C., Lv, J., & Wang, K. (2018). Articles Smoking and smoking cessation in relation to risk of diabetes in Chinese men and women : a 9-year prospective study of 0 · 5 million people. Lancet Public Health, 3, 167–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30026-4
Luo, J., Rossouw, J., Tong, E., Giovino, G. A., Lee, C. C., Chen, C., Ockene, J. K., Qi, L., & Margolis, K. L. (2013). Original Contribution Smoking and Diabetes : Does the Increased Risk Ever Go Away ? 178(6), 937–945. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwt071
Maddatu, J., Anderson-baucum, E., Evans-molina, C., & Physiology, I. (2017). Smoking and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. Transl Res., 184, 101–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trsl.2017.02.004.Smoking
Minematsu, N., Nakamura, H., Furuuchi, M., Nakajima, T., Takahashi, S., Tateno, H., & Ishizaka, A. (2006). Limitation of cigarette consumption by CYP2A6*4, *7 and *9 polymorphisms. The European Respiratory Journal, 27(2), 289–292. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.06.00056305
Morimoto, A., Tatsumi, Y., Deura, K., Mizuno, S., Ohno, Y., & Watanabe, S. (2013). Impact of cigarette smoking on impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance in Japanese men: The Saku Study. Journal of Diabetes Investigation, 4(3), 274–280. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.12019
Mwenifumbo, J. C., Al Koudsi, N., Ho, M. K., Zhou, Q., Hoffmann, E. B., Sellers, E. M., & Tyndale, R. F. (2008). Novel and established CYP2A6 alleles impair in vivo nicotine metabolism in a population of Black African descent. Human Mutation, 29(5), 679–688. https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.20698
Nilsson, P. M., Ardanaz, E., Gavrila, D., & Agudo, A. (2014). Smoking and Long-Term Risk of Type 2 Diabetes : The EPIC- InterAct Study in European Populations. Diabetes Care, 37, 3164–3171. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc14-1020
O’Loughlin, J. (2004). Genetically decreased CYP2A6 and the risk of tobacco dependence: a prospective study of novice smokers. Tobacco Control, 13(4), 422–428. https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2003.007070
Padmawati, R. S., Ng, N., Prabandari, Y. S., & Nichter, M. (2009). Smoking among Diabetes Patients in Yogyakarta , Indonesia : Cessation Efforts are Urgently Needed. Trop. Med. Int. Health, 14(4), 412–419. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02241.x
Patramurti, C., & Fenty, F. (2020). Association of smoking behaviour and glycohemoglobine levels among adults Javanese Indonesian smokers. 11–13.
Patramurti, C., Nurrochmad, A., Martono, S., Science, P., Mada, G., & Chemistry, P. (2015). Poymorphism of Cytochrome P450 2A6 ( CYP2A6 * 1 AND CYP2A6 * 4 ) among Javaneses Indonesia Smoker and Non Smoker. MFI, 26(1), 11–19. https://doi.org/10.14499/indonesianjpharm26iss1pp11
R.I., K. K. (2018a). Hari diabetes sedunia tahun 2018. Departemen Kesehatan R.I.
R.I., K. K. (2018b). Hasil utama riskesdas 2018. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.
Sakurai, M., Nakamura, K., Miura, K., Takamura, T., Yoshita, K., & Sasaki, S. (2013). Family history of diabetes , lifestyle factors , and the 7-year incident risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged Japanese men and women. 4(3), 261–268. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.12033
Schoedel, K. a, Hoffmann, E. B., Rao, Y., Sellers, E. M., & Tyndale, R. F. (2004). Ethnic variation in CYP2A6 and association of genetically slow nicotine metabolism and smoking in adult Caucasians. Pharmacogenetics, 14(9), 615–626. https://doi.org/10.1097/00008571-200409000-00006
Schulze, M. B., Manson, J. E., Ludwig, D. S., Colditz, G. A., Stampfer, M. J., & Willett, W. C. (2015). and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in young and middle-aged women. 292(8), 927–934.
Scott, R. A., Langenberg, C., Sharp, S. J., Franks, P. W., Rolandsson, O., & Drogan, D. (2014). Europe PMC Funders Group The link between Family History and risk of Type 2 Diabetes is Not Explained by Anthropometric , Lifestyle or Genetic Risk Factors : the EPIC-InterAct Study. 56(1), 60–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-012-2715-x.The
Sugiyama, K., Inaba, Y., Ohkubo, T., Uchiyama, S., Takagi, Y., & Kunugita, N. (2012). Determination of tobacco-specific N’-nitrosamines in mainstream smoke from Japanese cigarettes. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Hygiene, 67(3), 423–430.
Tanner, J., & Tyndale, R. F. (2017). Variation in CYP2A6 Activity and Personalized Medicine. 6, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm7040018
Wang, J., Xu, Y., Li, J., Sun, X., Wang, L.-P., & Ji, W.-Y. (2012). The tobacco-specific carcinogen NNK induces DNA methyltransferase 1 accumulation in laryngeal carcinoma. Oral Oncology, 48(6), 541–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.01.007
Wang, Y., Ji, J., Liu, Y., Deng, X., & He, Q. (2013). Passive Smoking and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes : A Meta- Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Plos One, 8(7), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069915
Wei, X., Meng, E., & Yu, S. (2014). A meta-analysis of passive smoking and risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 107(1), 9–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2014.09.019
Xie, X., Liu, Q., Wu, J., & Wakui, M. (2009). Impact of cigarette smoking in type 2 diabetes development. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 30(6), 784–787. https://doi.org/10.1038/aps.2009.49
Yalcin, E.; de la Monte, S. (2017). Tobacco nitrosamines as culprits in disease: mechanisms reviewed. J Physiol Bhiochem, 72(1), 107–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-016-0465-9.Tobacco
Yeh, H.-C., Duncan, B. B., Schmidt, M. I., Wang, N.-Y., & Brancati, F. L. (2010). Smoking, Smoking Cessation, and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes MellitusA Cohort Study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 152(1), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-1-201001050-00005
Yuan, J., Nelson, H. H., Carmella, S. G., Wang, R., Kuriger-laber, J., Jin, A., Adams-haduch, J., Hecht, S. S., Koh, W., & Murphy, S. E. (2017). CYP2A6 genetic polymorphisms and biomarkers of tobacco smoke constituents in relation to risk of lung cancer in the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Carcinogenesis, 38(4), 411–418. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgx012
Zhao, Y., Song, C., Ma, X., Ma, X., Wang, Q., Ji, H., Guo, F., & Qin, G. (2017). Synergistic Effect of Family History of Diabetes and Dietary Habits on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Central China. 2017.
Zheng, R.; Marquez, P.V.; Ahsan, A.; Wang, Y.; Hu, X. (2018). Affordability in Indonesia : 2002-2017. The World Bank Group. https://doi.org/10.1596/30027
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with Pharmaciana agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
1.png)
