MENEMUKAN KESEJAHTERAAN PSIKOLOGIS DIBALIK PROFESI DOSEN : PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT SEBAGAI SALAH SATU PREDIKTOR TERCAPAINYA PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL BEING PADA DOSEN

Authors

  • Rezki Ashriyana Sulistiobudi Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
  • Anissa Lestari Kadiyono Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
  • Megawati Batubara Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26555/humanitas.v14i2.6042

Keywords:

dosen, psychological contract, psychological well-being

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh kontrak psikologis terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis pada tenaga pendidik di institusi pendidikan. Hubungan timbal balik atau kontrak psikologis terbentuk dari keyakinan karyawan bahwa organisasi akan menghargai kontribusi dan memenuhi harapannya. Keyakinan ini akan menciptakan pengalaman kerja yang positif dan membentuk rasa aman secara psikologis. Terwujudnya kontrak psikologis dapat memunculkan keseimbangan, keselarasan, keserasian, kelancaran karyawan dalam bekerja, kemajuan organisasi, hubungan yang baik antara karyawan dan organisasi, serta meminimalisir munculnya konflik dan kesenjangan sosial. Kondisi ini identik dengan kesejahteraan psikologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara psychological contract dan psychological well being. Rendahnya gap antara kebutuhan dan pemenuhan baik pada transactional dan relational contract bermakna rendahnya psychological contract breach yang dirasakan oleh dosen. Semakin rendah tingkat pengingkaran yang dirasakan maka akan semakin tinggi tingkat psychological well being mereka. Hal ini akan berdampak pada peningkatan perasaan yang lebih positif. Dosen merasa bahwa faktor personal growth dan personal life lah yang memberikan kontribusi terbesar terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis mereka.

References

Aggarwal, U. & Bhargava, S. (2010). The Effects Of Equity Sensitivity, Job Stressors And Perceived Organizational Support On Psychological Contract Breach. The Journal of Business Perspective, Vol.14, No.1.

Aggarwal, U. & D'Souza K. C. (2012). Transformational Leadership : The Link between P-O Fit, Psychological Contract & Signature Experiences. The Indian Journal of Industrial Relation, Vol.47, No.3.

Armstrong, Michael. (2007). A Handbook of Employee Reward Management : A Guide to Action. London : Kogan Page Ltd.

Argyris, C. (1960). Understanding Organizational Behavior. Homewood : IL : Dorsey Press.

Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice:A review and recommended twostep approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 411-423.

Bal,P. Matthijs, et al. (2008). Psychological contract breach and job attitudes: A meta-analysis of age as a moderator. Journal of Vocational Behavior 72 (2008) 143-158.

Bal, P. Matthijs., De Cooman, Rein& Mol, Stefan T. (2013). Dynamics of Psychological Contracts with Work Engagement and Turnover Intention: The Influence of Organizational Tenure.European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 2013, 22, 107-122.

Blau, P. (1964). Exhange and Power in Social Life : New York : Wiley.

Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York, NY: Wiley.

Bradburn, M. 1969. The Structure of Psychological Well-Being. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company.

Cassar, Vincent& Buttigieg, Sandra C.(2015). Psychological contract breach, organizational justice and emotional well-being. Personnel Review, Vol. 44 Iss: 2, pp.217-235.

Conway, Neil & Brinner, Rob B. (2002). Full-Time versus Part-Time Employees: Understanding the Links between Work Status, the Psychological Contract, and Attitudes. Journal of Vocational Behavior 61, 279-301.

Conway, Neil & Brinner, R.B. 2005. Understanding Psychological Contracts at Work : A Critical Evaluation of Theory and Research. Oxford University Press.

Conway, Neil and Coyle-Shapiro, Jacquelline A-M. (2011). The Reciprocal Relationship Between Psychological Contract Fulfilment and Employee Performance and The Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Support And Tenure.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 85: 277-299.

Coyle-Shapiro, Jacquelline A-M & Kessler, I. (2000). Consequences of the Psychological Contract for the Employment Relationship : A Large Scale Survey. Journal of Management Studies, 37, 903-930.

Coyle-Shapiro, Jacquelline A-M. (2002). Exploring Reciprocity Through the Lens of the Psychological Contract : Employee and Employer Perspectives. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology. Volume 11 (1), 1-18/.

Coyle-Shapiro, Jacquelline A-M& Conway, Neil. (2005). Exchange Relationship : Examining Psychological Contract and Perceived Organizational Support . Journal of Applied Psychology. 90, 774-781.

Coyle-Shapiro, Jacquelline A-M and Parzefall. (2008). Psychological Contracts. In : Cooper, Cary L and Barling, Julian (eds). The SAGE Handbook of organizational behavior. SAGE Publication : London, UK.

Cuyper, N.D & De Witte, Hans. (2006). The impact of job insecurity and contract type on attitudes, well-being and behavioural reports: A psychological contract perspective. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 79, 395-409.

Dabos, G.E & Rousseau, D.M. (2004). Mutual & Reciprocity in the Psychological Contracts of Employee and Employers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 52-72.

De Vos, A., Buyens, D., & Schalk, R. (2003). Psychological contract development during organizationalsocialization: Adaptation to reality and the role of reciprocity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24,537-559.

Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 500-507.

Elst, Tinne Vander, et al., (2014). Explanations of the Relationships Between Job Insecurity, Job Strain and Coping Reactions: Towards a Theoretical Integration. Journal of Stress & Health, Wiley Online Library, 10.1002/smi.2584.

Escriba-Aguir, V & Tenias-Burillo, J.M. (2004). Psychological Well-Being Among Hospital Personnel: The Role of Family Demands and Psychosocial Work Environment. International Archieves of Occuational & Environmental Health, 77, 401-408

Fariza Luthfia danaz Nasution & Ali Nina Liche Seniati. Pengaruh Kontrak Psikologis Terhadap Komitmen Organisasi Pada Tenaga Kerja Outsourcing di Perusahaan Penyedia Jasa Outsourcing,. Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia. 2013.

Festing, Marion & Schafer, Lynn. (2014). Generational Challenges to Talent Management: A Framework for Talent Retention Based on the Psychological-Contract Perspective. Journal of World Business, 49, 262-271.

Guest, D. (1998). "Is The Psychological Contract Taking Seriously?". Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19, 649-664.

Griffin, R. W & Moorhead, G. (2010). Organizational Behavior : Managing People and Organizations. Ninth Edition. South-Western College Publising.

Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural EquationModeling, 6, 1-55.

Kiazad, K., Seibert, S. E. and Kraimer, M. L. (2014), Psychological contract breach and employee innovation: A conservation of resources perspective. J Occup Organ Psychol, 87: 535-556.

Kline, R. B. (2010). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Lee Hung-Wen, Liu Ching-Hsiang. (2009). The Relationship Among Achievement Motivation, Psychological Contract and Work Attitude. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality. 37 (3).

McDonald, D.J & Makin, P.J. (2000) The Psychological Contract, Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction of Temporary Staff. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 21, 84-91.

Morrison, Elizabeth Wolfe & Robinson, Sandra L. (1997). When Employee Feel Betrayed : A Model How Psychological Contract Violation Develops. The Academy of Management Review. Volume 22 No 1, 226-256.

Ng, Thomas W.H & Feldman, Daniel C. (2009). Age, work experience, and the psychological contract. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 1053-1075.

Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York, NY:McGraw-Hill.

Nelson, L., Tonks, G. & Weymouth, J. (2006). The Psychological Contract and Job Satisfaction: Experiences of a Group of Casual Workers, Research and Practice in Human Resource Management, 14(2), 18-33.

Noer Aisyah Barlian. Pengaruh Tipe Kepribadian, Kontrak Psikologis, Komitmen Organisasi, Motivasi dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) dan Kinerja Karyawan Di Rumah Sakit Paru Kabupaten Jember. Program Studi Manajemen, Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Jember.

Perananta Sembiring & Eka Danta Jaya Ginting. Kontrak Psikologis dan Masa Kerja Sebagai Prediktor Trust Karyawan Terhadap Organisasi. Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Sumatera Utara.

Pedoman Beban Kerja dan Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Tridharma Perguruan Tinggi, Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi-Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, 2010:5.

Rayton, Bruce A. & Yalabik, Zeynep Y. (2014). "Work engagement, psychological contract breach and job satisfaction" Pages 2382-2400Published online: 14 Jan 2014.

Robinson, S.L., Rousseau, D.M and Kraatz, Mattew S. (1994). Changing Obligation and The Psychological Contract : A Longitudinal Study. Academy of Management Journal. Volume 37 No 1, 137-152.

Robinson, S.L and Morrison, E.W. (1995). Psychological Contract and OCB : The Effect of Unfulfilled Obligation and Civic Virtue. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16, 289-198.

Robinson, S. L. (1996). Trust and Breach of the Psychological Contract. Administrative Science Quarterly, 574-599.

Rousseau, D.M. (1989). Psychological and implied contracts in organizations. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal 2, no. 2: 121-138.

Rousseau, D.M. (1990). New hire perceptions of their own and their employer's obligations. Journal of Organizational Behavior 11, no. 5: 389-400.

Rousseau, D.M., and Parks, Judi Mc. Lean. (1993) The Contracts of Individual and Organization. Journal of Organizational Behavior, Volume 15 : 1-43.

Rousseau, D.M& Tijoriwala, Snehal A. (1998) Assessing Psychological Contract : Issues, Altenatives and Measures. Journal of Organizational Behavior. Volume 19, 679-695.

Rousseau, D.M., (2000) Psychological Contract Inventory. Carneige Melloon University, Pittsburg Pensylvania.

Rousseau, D.M., (1994) Violating Psychological Contract, Not The Exception But The Norm.Journal of Organizational Behavior. DOI : 10.1002/job.4030150306.

Rousseau, D.M. (1995). Psychological Contracts in Organizations. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Ruokolainen, Mervi et al. (2016). Pattern of Psychological Contract and Their Relationship to Employee Well Being and In Role Performance at Work : Longitudinal Evidence from University Employees. The International Journal of Human Resource and Management.ISSN : 0958-5192.

Ryff, Carol D. (1989) Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol 57(6), 1069-1081.

Ryff, D. & Singer, K. 2006. Know Thyself and Become What You Are : A Eudaimonic Approach to Psychological Well-Being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9. 13-19.

Shore, Lynn McFarlane & Tetrick, Lois E. (1994). The Psychological Contract as An Explanatory Framework in the Employment Relationship. Trends in Organizational Behavior, Volume 1. John Wiley and Sons, 91-109.

Shore, Lynn M., & Barksdale, Kevin.(1998). Examining Degree of Balance and Level of Obligation in the Employment Relationship: a Social Exchange Approach. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19, 731-744.

Sparrow, P.R. (1996). Transition in Psychological Contract : Some Evidence from the Banking Sector. Human Resource Management Journal, 6, 4, 75-92.

Sutton, G., & Griffin, M. A. (2004). Integrating expectations, experiences, and psychological contract violations: Alongitudinal study of new professionals. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77, 493-514.

Turnley, H. William & Feldman, Danield C. (2000). Re-examining the Effects of Psychological Contract Violation : Unmet Expectation and Job Disatisfaction as Mediators. Journal of Organization Behavior. Volume 21, Issue 1, 25-42.

Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia. Nomor 14 Tahun 2005 Tentang Guru dan Dosen.

Vaart, Leoni van der; Linde, Bennie and Cockeran, Marike. (2013). The state of the psychological contract and employees intention to leave: The mediating role of employee well-being. South African Journal of Psychology 43(3) 356-369. sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0081246313494154 sap.sagepub.com

Whyte, W. 1956. The Organisation Man. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Wocke, Albert & Sutherland, Margaret. (2008). The Impact of Employment Equity Regulations on Psychological Contracts in South Africa. International Journal of Human Resource Management. DOI : 10.1080 / 09585190801953525.

Zajencyk, Thomas J., et all. (2011). Psychological Contracts and Organizational Identification: The Mediating Effect of Perceived Organizational Support. Springer Science and Business Media. 32:254-281. DOI 10.1007/s12122-011-9111-z.

Zhao, H., Wayne S.J, Glibkowski, B.C., Bravo J. (2007). The Impact of Psychological Contract Breach on Work Related Outcomes : a Meta Analysis. Personnel Psychology, 60, 547-680.

Downloads

Published

2017-08-25

Issue

Section

Articles