Predictors of early sexual intercourse on middle adolescents in Medan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26555/humanitas.v18i2.19009Keywords:
adolescence, early sexual intercourse, ecological theory, family, personal characteristics, environment.Abstract
Early sexual intercourse causes negative consequences for adolescent health. Understanding sexual predictors can be beneficial for the prevention program. This study aims to describe predictors of early sexual intercourse among adolescents. The study participants were twenty sexually experienced respondents aged 15-18 years and received assistance from the Indonesian Family Planning Association (PKBI) in Medan. The study used a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews as methods. The results show that individual, family, peer, school, and media influence early sexual intercourse. Individually, participants have unstable emotions, negative self-concepts, and unclear future orientation. They are also unable to make rational decisions, lack social responsibility, and often violate the rules. Therefore, sexually, the respondents have positive sexual attitudes, sexually active peers, and high sexual self-efficacy. Especially among male participants, the internet was used to meet sexual partners and watched sexually-laden videos. The participants also have dysfunctional families, friends with behavioral problems, and disengagement with school. Therefore, prevention programs need to strengthen adolescents' positive potential, family function, social support, and healthy media use.References
Akers, A. Y., Cohen, E. D., Marshal, M. P., Roebuck, G., Yu, L., & Hipwell, A. E. (2016). Objective and perceived weight: Associations with risky adolescent sexual behavior. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 48(3), 129-137. https://doi.org/10.1363/48e11416
Bauer, S. (2015). The association of sociodemographic, behavioural and informational factors with engaging in sexual intercourse among never-married adolescents aged 15 - 24 years in Indonesia: A secondary analysis of DHS data from 2012. Unpublished Dissertation. Retrieved from https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-254694
Bennett, L. R. (2005). Women, Islam and modernity: Single women, sexuality and reproductive health in contemporary Indonesia. The Routledge Curzon.
Benokraitis, N. V. (2011). Marriages and families: Changes, choices, and constraints. Pearson Education Incorporation.
Brooks-Gunn, S., & Paikot, L. (1993). Sex is a gamble, kissing is a game. Adolescent sexuality and health promotion. In S. S. Millstein, A. Peterson, & E. Nightingale (Ed.). Promoting the health of adolescents: New directions for the twenty first century (pp. 180-2008). Oxford University Press.
Chen, A. C., Neilands, T. B., Chan, S. M., & Lightfoot, M. (2016). Contextual influence of Taiwanese adolescents' sexual attitudes and behavioral intent. Nursing & Health Sciences, 18(3), 355-361. https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12278
Cheney, M. K., Oman, R. F., Vesely, S. K., Aspy, C. B., Tolma, E. L., & John, R. (2015). Prospective association between negative life events and initiation of sexual intercourse: The influence of family structure and family income. American Journal of Public Health, 105(3), 598-604. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302311
Detik News. (2007). Hasil penelitian: Ratusan pelajar Medan terjuni bisnis seks (Research results: Hundreds of Medan students are in sex business). News Detik.Com. Retrieved from https://news.detik.com/berita/d-863943/hasil-penelitian-ratusan-pelajar-medan-terjuni-bisnis-seks
Dittus, P. J., Michael, S. L., Becasen, J. S., Gloppen, K. M., McCarthy, K., & Guilamo-Ramos, V. (2015). Parental monitoring and its associations with adolescent sexual risk behavior: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 136(6), e1578-1599. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-0305
Epstein, M., Bailey, J. A., Manhart, L. E., Hill, K. G., & Hawkins, J. D. (2014). Sexual risk behavior in young adulthood: Broadening the scope beyond early sexual initiation. Journal of Sex Research, 51(6), 721-730. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2013.849652
Ginting, J. (2016, February 6). Survey tunjukkan 40 persen remaja di Medan lakukan seks praniah (The survey shows that 40 percent of teenagers in Medan do premarital sex). Tribunnews.Com. Retrieved from https://www.tribunnews.com/regional/2016/02/06/survei-tunjukkan-40-persen-remaja-di-medan-lakukan-seks-pra-nikah
Haase, C. M., Landberg, M., Schmidt, C., Lüdke, K., & Silbereisen, R. K. (2012). The later, the better? Early, average, and late timing of sexual experiences in adolescence and psychosocial adjustment in young adulthood. European Psychologist, 17(3), 199-212. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000082
Halpern, C. T., & Haydon, A. A. (2012). Sexual timetables for oral-genital, vaginal, and anal intercourse: Sociodemographic comparisons in a nationally representative sample of adolescents. American Journal of Public Health, 102(6), 1221-1228. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2011.300394
Heart. (2010). Lets talk about sex education: A guide to effective programming for muslim youth. Retrieved from https://hearttogrow.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/HEART_Guide_sexed_programming-1.pdf
Hensel, D. J., & Sorge, B. H. (2014). Adolescent women's daily academic behaviors, sexual behaviors, and sexually related emotions. Journal of Adolescent Health, 55(6), 845-847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.07.008
Hussen, S. A., Bowleg, L., Sangaramoorthy, T., & Malebranche, D. J. (2012). Parents, peers and pornography: The influence of formative sexual scripts on adult HIV sexual risk behaviour among Black men in the USA. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 14(8), 863-877. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2012.703327
Joewono, B. N. (2010, December 28). Seks bebas 51 persen abg tak perawan. (Free sex, 51 percent of Teengers are not virgins). Kompas.Com. Retrieved from https://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/12/28/17394533/seks.bebas.51.persen.abg.tak.perawan
Kao, T. S., & Manczak, M. (2013). Family influences on adolescent's birth control and condom use, likelihood of sexually transmitted infections. The Journal of School Nursing, 29(1), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840512444134
Kaplan, D. L., Jones, E. J., Olson, E. C., & Yunzal-Butler, C. B. (2013). Early age of first sex and health risk in an urban adolescent population. The Journal of School Health, 83(5), 350-356. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12038
L. Somers, C. (2011). The role of parents in early adolescent sexual risk-taking behavior. The Open Psychology Journal, 4, 88-95. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874350101104010088
Lando-King, E., McRee, A. L., Gower, A. L., Shlafer, R. J., McMorris, B. J., Pettingell, S., & Sieving, R. E. (2015). Relationships between social-emotional intelligence and sexual risk behaviors in adolescent girls. Journal of Sex Research, 52(7), 835-840. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499/2014.976782
Landor, A. M., & Halpern, C. T. (2016). The enduring significance of skin tone: Linking skin tone, attitudes toward marriage and cohabitation, and sexual behavior. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(5), 986-1002. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0456-8
Leung, H., & Lin, L. (2019). Adolescent sexual risk behavior in Hong Kong: Prevalence, protective factors, and sex education programs. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 64(6S), S52-S58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.12.007
Lyness, K. P., & Fischer, J. L. (2019). Gender, sexual identity, and families: The personal is political. Michigan Publishing https://dx.doi.org/10.3998/groves.9453087.0005.001
Ng, J. Y., Wong, M. L., Chan, R. K., Sen, P., Chio, M. T., & Koh, D. (2015). Gender differences in factors associated with anal intercourse among heterosexual adolescents in Singapore. AIDS Education and Prevention, 27(4), 373-385. https://doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2015.27.4.373
O'Donnell, J., Utomo, I. D., & McDonald, P. (2020). Premarital sex and pregnancy in Greater Jakarta. Genus, 76(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41118-020-00081-8
OECD/ADB. (2015). Education in Indonesia: Rising to the challenge, reviews of national policies for education. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264230750-en
Okigbo, C. C., Kabiru, C. W., Mumah, J. N., Mojola, S. A., & Beguy, D. (2015). Influence of parental factors on adolescents transition to first sexual intercourse in Nairobi, Kenya: A longitudinal study. Reproductive Health, 12, 73. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-015-0069-9
Palacios, J. (2019). Predictors of personality and self-efficacy of sexual risk behavior in Mexican adolescents. Anales de Psicologia, 35(1), 131-139. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.35.1.319471
Peltzer, K., & Pengpid, S. (2016). Risk and protective factors affecting sexual risk behavior among school-aged adolescents in Fiji, Kiribati, Samoa, and Vanuatu. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 28(5), 404-415. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539516650725
Poerwandari, E. (2007). Pendekatan kualitatif untuk penelitian perilaku manusia (Qualitative approach for research on human behavior). LPSP3 Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia.
Potard, C., Courtois, R., & Rusch, E. (2008). The influence of peers on risky sexual behaviour during adolescence. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care, 13(3), 264-270. https://doi.org/10.1080/13625180802273530
Santelli, J. S., Song, X., Holden, I. K., Wunder, K., Zhong, X., Wei, Y., ... Serwadda, D. M. (2015). Prevalence of sexual experience and initiation of sexual intercourse among adolescents, Rakai District, Uganda, 1994-2011. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 57(5), 496-505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.07.018
Sari, D. E., & Rokhanawati, D. (2018). The correlation between age of first dating and sexual behavior of adolescents and young adults in Indonesia. Journal of Health Technology Assessment in Midwifery, 1(1), 23-28. https://doi.org/10.31101/jhtam.441
Shek, D. T. L., & Leung, H. (2016). Do adolescent sexual behavior and intention to engage in sexual behavior change in high school years in Hong Kong? Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 29(1), S49-S60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2015.10.008
Sneed, C. D., Tan, H. P., & Meyer, J. C. (2015). The influence of parental communication and perception of peers on adolescent sexual behavior. Journal of Health Communication, 20(8), 888-892. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2015.1018584
Somers, C. L., & Anagurthi, C. (2014). Parents attitudes about adolescents premarital sexual activity: The role of inter-parent consistency / inconsistency in sexual outcomes. Health Education Journal, 73(5), 545-553. https://doi.org/10.1177/0017896913506702
Steinberg, L. (2002). Adolescence. Mc. Graw Hill. Inc. Co.
Suleiman, A. B., & Deardorff, J. (2015). Multiple dimensions of peer influence in adolescent romantic and sexual relationships: a descriptive, qualitative perspective. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(3), 765-775. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-014-0394-z
Sychareun, V., Phengsavanh, A., Hansana, V., Chaleunvong, K., Kounnavong, S., Sawhney, M., & Durham, J. (2013). Predictors of premarital sexual activity among unmarried youth in Vientiane, Lao PDR: The role of parent-youth interactions and peer influence. Global Public Health, 8(8), 958-975. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2013.830755
Temple, J. R., & Choi, H. J. (2014). Longitudinal association between teen sexting and sexual behavior. Pediatrics, 134(5), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-1974
Utami, E., & Nodia, F. (2016, April 5). Angka kehamilan di kalangan remaja tinggi, BKKBN ubah strategi (Pregnancy rate among teenager is high, BKKBN change the strategy). Suara.Com. Retrieved from https://www.suara.com/lifestyle/2016/04/05/164816/angka-kehamilan-di-kalangan-remaja-tinggi-bkkbn-ubah-strategi
Van de Bongardt, D., Reitz, E., Sandfort, T., & Dekovic, M. (2015). A meta-analysis of the relations between three types of peer norms and adolescent sexual behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 19(3), 203-234. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868314544223
Wang, B., Stanton, B., Deveaux, L., Li, X., & Lunn, S. (2015). Dynamic relationships between parental monitoring, peer risk involvement and sexual risk behavior among Bahamian Mid-Adolescents. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 41(2), 89-98. https://doi.org/10.1363/4108915
Wanufika, I., Sumarni, S., & Ismail, D. (2017). Komunikasi orang tua tentang seksualitas terhadap perilaku seksual pranikah pada remaja (Parental communication about sexuality on premarital sexual behaviorin adolescents). Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat, 33(10), 495-500. https://doi.org/10.22146/bkm.26079
Wong, L. P. (2012). Qualitative inquiry into premarital sexual behaviours and contraceptive use among multiethnic young women: implications for education and future research. PloS One, 7(12), e51745. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.005145
Ybarra, M. L., Strasburger, V. C., & Mitchell, K. J. (2014). Sexual media exposure, sexual behavior, and sexual violence victimization in adolescence. Clinical Pediatrics, 53(13), 1239-1247. https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922814538700
Young, H., Burke, L., & NicGabhainn, S. (2018). Sexual intercourse, age of initiation and contraception among adolescents in Ireland: Findings from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) Ireland study. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 362. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5217-z
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic License.
