Spatial Relations in the Indonesian Locative Preposition of “Di Atasâ€: a Study of Cognitive Semantics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26555/bahastra.v41i2.19864Keywords:
Spatial relation Image schema preposition cognitive semantics metaphorAbstract
This study examines the spatial relation of the preposition "di atas" (above, over, on) in Indonesian using cognitive semantic theory. This study aims to discover (i) the conceptual structure of the preposition “di atas†spatial relation and (ii) its extended use in the conceptual mapping. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The cognitive data were collected from three groups of subjects, each consisting of ten people. These three groups of subjects are also used as the source triangulation to elicit the conceptual structure of the preposition "di atas" (above, over, on). Meanwhile, the data on the preposition’s extended use in the conceptual mapping were collected from online media. The results suggest that the conceptual structure of the preposition "di atas" (above, over, on) has two kinds of image schemas, namely (i) the VERTICALITY image schema which is based on its orientation and (ii) the ANTARA image schema and the TOPANGAN image schema which are based on its topology. The two kinds of image schemas are general in nature and are specified as definitive lingual units based on the speaker's different perceptions of the position of the related entities. Another important research finding is that prepositions that have been seen as closed words can be used metaphorically through conceptual mapping. This shows that prepositions have an important role in structuring human mind. The results of the study also found and reinforced the construal nature of meaning conceptualization.
References
Auer, P., & Schmidt, J. E. (2010). Language and Space: An International Handbook of Linguistic Variation Volume 1: Theories and Methods. Mouton de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110220278
Brenda, M. (2014). Cognitive perspective on the polysemy of the english spatial preposition over. Cambridge Scholar Publishing.
Chaer, A. (2008). Morfologi Bahasa Indonesia (Pendekatan Proses). Rineka Cipta.
Clark, A. (2010). Mind in space. In K. S. Mix, L. B. Smith, & M. Gasser (Eds.), The Spatial Foundations of Language and Cognition (pp. 7–15). Oxford University Press. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andy_Clark&oldid=534261752
Croft, W., & Cruse, D. A. (2004). Cognitive Linguistics. Cambridge University Press.
DiMaggio, P. (1997). Culture and cognition. Annu. Rev. Social, 23, 263–287. https://doi.org/10.1038/251454a0
Effendi, S., & Aritonang, B. (1991). Preposisi dan Frase Berpreposisi. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Evans, V. (2012). Language and time: A cognitive linguistics approach. In Language and Time: A Cognitive Linguistics Approach. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107340626
Evans, V., & Green, M. (2006). Cognitive Linguistics: An Introduction. Edinburg University Press.
Hampe, B., & Grady, J. E. (2005). From Perception to Meaning: Image Schemas in Cognitive Linguistics. In B. Hampe & J. E. Grady (Eds.), Image (Rochester, N.Y.). Mouton de Gruyter. http://books.google.com/books?id=W7rfP-eliy0C
Hanif, A., Hardiyanti, S. U., & Sumarlam. (2020). Frasa Preposisional dalam Kumpulan Cerpen Senja dan Cinta yang Berdarah Karya Seno Gumira Ajidarma. Seminar Nasional Linguistik Dan Sastra:, 138–145.
Hickmann, M., & Robert, S. (2006). Space, language, and cognition, some new challenges. In M. Hickmann & S. Robert (Eds.), Space in Languages, Linguistic Systems and Cognitive Categories (pp. 1 – 18). John Benjamins.
Johnson, M. (1987). The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason. In 2017 Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium, EFTF/IFC 2017 - Proceedings. University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2017.8088869
Kurniasih. (2017). Penggunaan preposisi dalam bahasa indonesia. Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 6(6), 798–810.
Kusmanto, J. (2017). The cognitive theory of spatial preposition and its application to teaching English as a foreign language and translation. In D. Rochsantiningsih, R. Hartono, & M. Anugerahwati (Eds.), he 6th ELTLT CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. (Issue October, pp. 285–291). FBS Unnes.
Levinson, S. C., & Wilkins, D. P. (2006). The background of the study of the language of space. In S. C. Levinson & D. P. Wilkins (Eds.), Grammars of Space: Explorations in Cognitive Diversity (pp. 1–23). Cambridge University Press.
Mardiah, Z., & Muta’ali, A. (2020). Preposisi spasial “pada†dalam tinjauan semantik kognitif. Seminar Internasional Riksa Bahasa XIII, 991–998. http://proceedings.upi.edu/index.php/riksabahasa/article/view/980
Mas Kusumaningrat, I. C. (2015). Analisis konstrastif pemarkah lokatif “di†dalam bahasa Indonesia dan “inâ€, “onâ€, “at†dalam bahasa Inggris. Linguistika: Buletin Ilmiah Program Magister Linguistik Universitas Udayana, 22(1), 94–107. https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/linguistika/article/view/14000
Medin, D. L. (1989). Concepts and conceptual structure. American Psychologist, 44(12), 1469–1481. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.12.1469
Mix, K. S., Smith, L. B., & Gasser, M. (2010). Thinking through space. In K. S. Mix, L. B. Smith, & M. Gasser (Eds.), The Spatial Foundations of Language and Cognition (pp. 1–6). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199553242.001.0001
Mix, K. s, Smith, L. B., & Gasser, M. (2009). Thinking Through Space. In K. s Mix, L. B. Smith, & M. Gasser (Eds.), The Spatial Foundations of Language and Cognition (pp. 1–6). Oxford University Press.
Mulyadi. (2012). Frasa preposisi bahasa Indoensia: analisis X-Bar. Kajian Sastra, 34(1), 1–12. https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/kajiansastra/article/view/2671
Munnich, E., Landau, B., & Anne, B. (2001). Spatial language and spatial representation : a cross-linguistic comparison. 81.
Payne, T. E. (2011). Understanding English Grammar: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge University Press. http://library1.nida.ac.th/termpaper6/sd/2554/19755.pdf
Rini, E. I. H. A. N. (2009). Analisis kontrastif pemarkah lokatif “di†dalam bahasa Indonesia dengan “ni†dan “de†dalam bahasa Jepang. Komposisi: Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa, Dan Seni, 10(2), 81–88.
Rosch, E. (1978). Principles of categorization. In E. Rosch & B. L. Lloyd (Eds.), Cognition and categorization (pp. 27–48). Lawrence Erlbaum.
Sharifian, F. (2011). Cultural Conceptualisations and Language. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Sugiarti, R., & Ngaisah, S. (2018). Analisis kesalahan penggunaan preposisi dan pungtuasi dalam karangan narasi siswa. Primary : Jurnal Keilmuan Dan Kependidikan Dasar, 10(2), 125–134. https://doi.org/10.32678/primary.v10i02.1284
Svorou, S. (1994). The Grammar of Space. John Benjamins Pub. Co.
Talmy, L. (1983). How language structures space. In H. Pick & L. Acredolo (Eds.), Spatial Orientation: Theory, Research, and Application (pp. 225–282). Plenum Press.
Talmy, L. (2000). Toward a Cognitive Semantics. MIT Press.
Tyler, A., & Evans, V. (2003). The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2
van Gelderen, E. (2010). An introduction to the grammar of English (Revised). John Benjamins Pub. Co. https://doi.org/10.1075/z.153
Yusof, M. (1996). Fungsi frasa preposisi : predikatif lawan non-predikatif *. Linguistik Indonesia, 27(2), 197–215.
Zlatev, J. (2007). Spatial semantics. In D. Geeraerts & H. Cuyckens (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics (pp. 318 – 350). Oxford University Press.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
