Asymmetric Decentralization in A Unitary State: The Legitimization of The Sultan’s Daughter as The Governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta

Anom Wahyu Asmorojati; Suyadi Suyadi; King Faisal Sulaiman

doi:10.26555/novelty.v13i2.a24079

Asymmetric Decentralization in A Unitary State: The Legitimization of The Sultan’s Daughter as The Governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta

Anom Wahyu Asmorojati, Suyadi Suyadi, King Faisal Sulaiman

Abstract

Introduction to The Problem: A unitary state, which democratically runs government, in general rejects a monarchist system. But, Indonesia as a unitary state which applies democracy accepts the Special Region of Yogyakarta has a monarchical system through the application of asymmetric decentralization.

Purpose: The aim of this research is to find the pattern of relationships and authority between a democratic unitary state and a monarchist regional government, in particular the Special Region of Yogyakarta.

Methodology: This research is normative legal research which analyzes Law No. 13 of 2012 Concerning the Particularity of Yogyakarta, Regulations and Royal Decrees, and Royal Pronouncements.

Findings: The research findings show that Indonesia applies asymmetric decentralization to bind a constitutional relationship with the Special Region of Yogyakarta which applies a monarchist system. Indonesia and Yogyakarta’s asymmetric decentralization has a uniqueness over the asymmetric decentralization in federal states, that is by promulgating the Sultan as the governor. Although this promulgation accords with Law No. 13 of 2012 and the Hadiningrat Yogakarta Keraton (Palace) Regulation; however, of late both an internal and external polemic has arisen. This polemic has been triggered by Constitutional Decision No. 88/ PUU-XIV/2016 and Royal Decree and Pronouncement which permits a female Sultan, whereas in the Law of Particularity and Royal Decree confirms the Sultan must be male. This polemic has the potential to give rise to a power struggle within the royal family which has serious implications for the asymmetric democratic system and the constitutional monarchy which to date has been developed by Indonesia and the Special Region of Yogyakarta. For this reason, this research recommends revisions be made to the Royal Decree so that there is gender justice resulting in women being able to have the opportunity to become the sultan. A female sultan can become a new discourse in the legal field and the science of government because it has wide implications for gender, political, and cultural and religious discourses.

Paper Type: Research Article

Keywords: Assymetric decentralization; constitutional monarchy; female sultan; and special region of Yogyakarta

Full Text:

PDF

References

Asmorojati, A. W. (2020). Hukum Pemerintahan daerah dan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Dalam Bingkai NKRI. Yogyakarta: UAD Press.

Asmorowati, S., Schubert, V., & Ningrum, A. P. (2022). Policy capacity, local autonomy, and human agency: tensions in the intergovernmental coordination in Indonesia’s social welfare response amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 15(2), 213–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2020.1869142

Bagir Manan. (1994). Hubungan antara Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah Menurut UUD 1945. Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan.

Bogdan, B. (n.d.). The Role of the Monarch as Head of the State in the Contemporary Era. Comparative Analysis on the Constitutional Monarchies from Europe.

Celik, A., Yaman, H., Turan, S., Kara, A., Kara, F., Zhu, B., Dutta, D. (2016). Analysis of Democratic Constitutional Monarchy: A Case Study Of Political System Of Malaysia. Asia Pacific, Research Journal, 34(1), 1–8. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2016.06.001%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2016.12.055%0Ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2019.02.006%0Ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.04.024%0Ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.127252%0Ahttp://dx.doi.o

Dardias, B. (2016). Menyiapkan Sultan Perempuan: Legitimasi Langit dan Efektifitas Rezim Sultan Hamengkubuwono X. Masyarakat Indonesia, 42(1), 31–34.

Dewi, K. H. (2017). The Appoipment of Crown Princess and the Shifting of Javanese Power Concep: A Preliminary Analysis. Jurnal Masyarakat Dan Budaya, 19(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.14203/jmb.v19i1.398

Dhiantha, I. M. P. (2015). Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif dalam Justifikasi Teori Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana.

Dwiyansany, S., & Wardhani, L. T. A. L. (2019). Sistem Pertanahan Keraton Yogyakarta Sebagai Daerah Otonomi Khusus. Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia, 1(2), 226–236. https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v1i2.226-236

Ficky Utomo. (2017). Konstruksi Citra Kaum Bangsawan: Sebuah Studi Komunikasi Politik Pada Bangsawan Keraton Cirebon. Jurnal MedKom Gunadarma, 1, 107–125.

Harsono, D. (2012). Reign to the People: The Application of “Democratic Monarchy” in Yogyakarta. International Seminar at the Annual Conference of IAPA (KAN), 1(June), 1–14.

Hasim, R. A. (2016). Politik Hukum Pengaturan Sultan Ground Keistimewaan Yogyakarta Dan Hukum Tanah. Jurnal Arena Hukum, volume 9(2), hlm. 222-223.

Heme, S. U. B., & Imawan, R. P. (2013). Asymmetrical Decentralization in Indonesia: The Challenge of Institutional Change to Delivery Social Welfare in Indonesia. In Knowledge Crossing and Social Transformation: Experiences and Challenges (pp. 1–9).

Iqbal, M., Nurhadiyanti, Elianda, Y., & Akba, A. (2020). Land Management in Yogyakarta Special Region. Journal of Public Administration and Local Governance, 4(2), 81–95.

Isran, S., de Villiers, B., & Arifin, Z. (2019). Asymmetry in a Decentralized, Unitary State: Lessons from the Special Regions of Indonesia. Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe : JEMIE, 18(2), 43.

Ivanov, V. G., Barabanova, S. V., Shagieva, R. V., Chikisheva, N. M., Lunev, A. N., Volkova, N. V., Spirina, E. V. (2016). The essence and content of state regulation of services development in conditions of increasing autonomy of federal state entities. International Review of Management and Marketing, 6(2), 149–154.

Iwan Satriawan, F. A. P. (2020). Institutional Disputes Settlement Mechanism Of Succession In Ngayogyokarto Hadiningrat Sultanate. Malaysian Palm Oil Council (MPOC), 21(1), 1–9.

Kariem, M. Q. (2018). Keputusan Politik Sultan Dalam Kerangka Negara Demokrasi. Agresi, 6(2), 139–148.

Kornelius Benuf, M. A. (2020). Metodologi Penelitian Hukum sebagai Instrumen Mengurai Permasalahan Hukum Kontemporer. Jurnal Gema Keadilan, 7(1), 20–33.

Kosanke, R. M. (2019). Reorganisasi Agraria Tanah Lungguh di Regentschap Adikarto Pada Awal Abad IX. Ilmu Sejarah, 2(5), 812–825.

Legates, R., & Hudalah, D. (2014). Peri-urban planning for developing east asia: Learning from chengdu, china and yogyakarta/kartamantul, indonesia. Journal of Urban Affairs, 36(S1), 334–353. https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12106

Malagodi, M. (2011). The End of a National Monarchy: Nepal’s Recent Constitutional Transition from Hindu Kingdom to Secular Federal Republic. Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism, 11(2), 234–251. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9469.2011.01118.x

Mulyana, A. (2017). Sekaten Tradition: The Ritual Ceremony in Yogyakarta as Acculturation Reality of Javanese Culture in Indonesia. International Journal of Humanities & Social Science Studies (IJHSSS), 4(2), 50–61.

Ni’matul Huda. (2014). Desentralisasi asimetris dalam negara kesatuan Republik Indonesia : kajian terhadap daerah istimewa, daerah khusus dan daerah otonomi khusus. Bandung: Nusa media.

Notoyudo. (2013). Hak Sri Sultan Atas Tanah di Yogyakarta. Bandung: Nusa Media.

Nugroho, D. (2021). The Governance Of Sultan Ground Land Position And Pakualaman Ground In The Framework Of National Law And The Special Law Of Yogyakarta Special Region In Achieving Justice. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 24(2), 5–6.

Prabawati, M. N., Muslim, S. R., Muhtadi, D., & Sofiani, Y. (2022). Utilization Of Yard Land For Agriculture In Supporting Household Food Security Of The Community Cigantang Village, Mangkubumi District, Tasikmalaya City. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 1(3), 75–86.

Prasetyawati, S. E. (2018). Keadilan progresif. Keadilan Progresif, 9(2).

Pratama, G. P., Purwanti, A., & Wijaningsih, D. (2018). Yogyakarta Special Region Policy Upon Gender Biased Leader Transition Reviewed from Law no. 13/2012 on the Special Rights of Yogyakarta Special Region. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 175(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/175/1/012196

Purwanto, M. R. (2017). Acculturation between Islamic Teaching and Javanese Tradition in Mubeng Beteng Ritual among Moslems in Yogyakarta Indonesia, (1945). https://doi.org/10.15242/heaig.h0317442

Puspitawati, H. (2013). Konsep, Teori dan Analisis Gender [Concepts, Theory and Gender Analysis. PT IPB Press.

Rahayu, D. P. (2019). Peta Politik Industri Batik Yogyakarta dan Dampaknya dalam Sistem Perburuhan Batik di Yogyakarta. Jurnal Kajian Ruang Sosial-Budaya, 3(1), 30–45. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.sosiologi.jkrsb.2019.003.1.03

Rahmatunnisa, M., Hindersah, R., & Achmad, T. H. (2018). Why Regions with Archipelagic Characteristics in Indonesia Also Need Asymmetric Decentralization? Jurnal Bina Praja, 10(2), 251–261. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.10.2018.251-261

Ratnawati, T. (2011). Antara “Otonomi” Sultan Dan “Kepatuhan” Pada Pusat Di Era Reformasi: Studi Kasus Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta ( Diy ). Governance, 2(1), 42–68.

Rizani, R. (2016). Sabdatama dan Sabdaraja Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono X dalam Perspektif Keistimewaan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Jurnal Lex Renaissance, 1(1), 17–36. https://doi.org/10.20885/jlr.vol1.iss1.art2

Roll, W. (1983). Struktur Pemilikan Tanah di Indonesia: studi Kasus Daerah Surakarta-Jateng. Jakarta: Rajawali Press.

Rustam Hasim, R. A. F. (2021). Sultan Tidore Zainal Abidin Alting: Dari Konperensi Denpasar Hingga Menjadi Gubernur Pertama Papua 1946-1956 Rustam. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, (September), 2013–2015.

Saputra, A. (2021). Alasan MK Izinkan Perempuan Jadi Gubernur, [The Constitutional Court’s Reason for Allowing Females to Become Governor]. News.Detik.Com.

Sartika, I., Pradhani, & Anggara, A. S. (2015). Kedudukan Laki-Laki Dalam Budaya Hukum Kasultanan ( Studi Kasus Pengisian Jabatan Gubernur Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta). Jurnal Penetian Hukum, 2(3), 148–159.

Setyaningsih, R. (2017). Model Literasi Media Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Pada Masyarakat. Komuniti: Jurnal Komunikasi Dan Teknologi, 9(2), 118–125. Retrieved from http://journals.ums.ac.id/index.php/komuniti/article/viewFile/4520/3503

Setyono, J. S., Yunus, H. S., & Giyarsih, S. R. (2016). The Spatial Pattern of Urbanization and Small Cities Development in Central Java: a Case Study of Semarang-Yogyakarta-Surakarta Region.

Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning, 3(1), 53–66. https://doi.org/10.14710/geoplanning.3.1.53-66

Soekanto, S. (1986). Pengantar Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: UI Press.

Surahman, S. (2020). Globalisasi, Modernisasi, dan paugeran di Kesultanan Yogyakarta. Kareba: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 9(2), 292–307.

Suryaningtyas, U. (2015). Pro dan Kontra Wacana Raja Perempuan di Kraton Yogyakarta. Surabaya.

Sumarwono, R. (2008). Kebijakan Otonomi Khusus Di Indonesia: Pembelajaran dari Kasus Aceh,Papua,Jakarta dan Yogyakarta, Kemitraan Bagi Pembaruan Tata Pemerintahan di Indonesia. Jakarta.

Sutrisno, S., & Syakdiah, S. (2021). Implementasi Kebijakan Keistimewaan di Pemerintah Kabupaten Bantul (Studi Penelitian tentang Penataan Kelembagaan Asli di Kecamatan dan Kelurahan. Jurnal Administrasi, 2576(2), 38–53. https://doi.org/10.32669/village

Tauda, G. A. (2018). Desain Desentralisasi Asimetris Dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Republik Indonesia. Administrative Law and Governance Journal, 1(4), 413–435. https://doi.org/10.14710/alj.v1i4.413-435

Triwardani, R. (2015). Implementasi Kebijakan Desa Budaya Dalam Upaya Pelestarian, 4(January 2014), 102–110.

Ulibarri, C. (2000). Rational Philanthropy and Cultural Capital.

Journal of Cultural Economics, 24(2), 135–146. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007639601013

Vani Wirawan. (2019). Kajian Tertib Administrasi Pertanahan Tanah Kasultanan dan Tanah Kadipaten Setelah Berlakunya Perdais Yogyakarta. Jurnal Ilmiah Penegakan Hukum, 6(2), 161–171.

Wicaksono, D. A., Yurista, A. P., & Sari, A. C. F. (2019). Mendudukkan Kasultanan Dan Kadipaten Sebagai Subyek Hak Milik Atas Tanah Kasultanan Dan Tanah Kadipaten Dalam Keistimewaan Yogyakarta. Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, 8(3), 311. https://doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v8i3.342

Yaqin, A. (2007). Legal Research and Writing (Venny Shu). Selangor Darul Ehsan: Malayan Law Journal SDN BHD.

Zaenuri, M., Iqbal, M., & Elianda, Y. (2021). Tata Kelembagaan dan Nomenklatur Istimewa Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pemerintahan, 7(1), 112–126. Retrieved from https://ojs.unigal.ac.id/index.php/modrat/article/view/2402

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/novelty.v13i2.a24079