Model of Batak Toba Values and Perceived Organizational Support on The Psychological Well-Being of Batak Toba Civil Servants in North Sumatera
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12928/jehcp.v13i3.29737Abstract
The Batak ethnic group is ranked as the third-largest ethnic group in Indonesia after the Javanese and Sundanese ethnic groups. As one of the ethnic groups that still strongly uphold their traditions, the Batak ethnic group experiences many conflicts within their community. This becomes a stress trigger for individuals of the Batak ethnic group if they are unable to meet the demands of their traditions, which can ultimately threaten their well-being. This research aims to develop a model of the influence of Batak values and perceived organizational support on the psychological well-being of Batak civil servants in North Sumatera. This research uses an explanatory survey method with descriptive and verificative analysis. Based on disproportionate sampling techniques, the study was conducted on 636 civil servants in five regencies and cities in North Sumatera. The model testing uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on component/variance, specifically the Partial Least Square (PLS) technique, with the SmartPLS software. The results of the study indicate that the Batak values, which are used as a guide in the lives of Batak civil servants, and their positive perceptions of the institutions where they work, simultaneously influence the psychological well-being of Batak civil servants. The variables Hamoraon, Hagabeon, Hasangapon, and perceived organizational support collectively contribute 41% to the psychological well-being of Batak civil servants in North Sumatera. Therefore, the position of Batak values and perceived organizational support is very important, as these two variables have a significant impact on the psychological well-being of Batak Toba civil servants in North Sumatera.
References
References
Adellman, P.K. (1987). Occupational complexity, control and personal income: their relation to psychological well-being in men and women. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72, 529-537
Agnieszka Bojanowska & Konrad Piotrowski (2019) Values and psychological wellbeing among adolescents – are some values ‘healthier’ than others? European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 16:4, 402-416, DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2018.1438257
Ahmed, I., dkk, 2012. A look at social exchange at work: A literature survey approach World Applied Sciences Journal. In press.
Bravo-Yanez & Jimenez-Figuera, (2011). Psychological well-being, perceived organizational support and job satisfaction among Chilean Prison Employees. 13, 91-99
Burr, Santo & Pushkar, (2011). Affective well-being in Retirement: The Influence of values, money, and health across three years. Psychology Faculty Publications. Paper 36. http://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/psychfacpub/36
Chou, R.J.A. and S.A. Robert, 2008. Workplace support, role overload and job satisfaction, direct care workers in assisted living. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 49: 208- 222.
Deci E. L., & Ryan R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227–268. http://dx.doi. org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., and Sowa, D. 1986, Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3): 500-507
Eisenberger, R., Fasolo, P., & Davis-LaMastro, V. 1990, Perceived organizational support and employee diligence, commitment, and innovation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 51–59
Harahap, B dan Siahaan, H. (1987). Orientasi nilai-nilai budaya Batak. Suatu pendekatan terhadap perilaku Batak Toba dan Angkola-Mandailing. Jakarta: Sanggar Williem Iskandar
Keyes, C. L., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. D. (2002). Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 1007-1022
Kurtessis, J., Eisenberger., Ford., Buffardi., (2015). Perceived organizational support: A Meta-Analytic evaluation of organizational support theory. Journal of management. Vol. XX. No.X. 1-31. Sage. Doi: 10.1177/0149206315575554
Pannacio & Vandenberghe, 2009. Perceived organizational support, organizational commitment and psychological well-being: a longitudinal study. Journal of vocational psychology, 75, 224-236
Rahman, S.S., Ansari, S.A., & Parveen, F. (2016). Happiness as Correlates of Mental Well-Being.
Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. 2002, Perceived organizational support: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87 (4), 698–714
Ryff, C.D. (1995). Psychological well-being in adult life. Current Directions in psychological science. Vol.4. No.4. pp.99-104
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it - Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069- 1081.
Simanjuntak, Antonius. 2006. Struktur Sosial dan Sistem Politik Batak Toba Hingga 1945. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Simanjuntak, B.A. (2011). Konflik status dan kekuasaan orang Batak Toba; bagian sejarah Batak. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia
Simanjuntak, B.A. (2015). Karakter Batak. Masa Lalu, Kini, dan Masa Depan. Jakarta.
Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 25, pp. 1–65). New York, NY: Academic Press
Schwartz SH, Melech G, Lehmann A, Burgess S, Harris M, Owens V. (2001). Extending the cross-cultural validity of the theory of basic human values with a different method of measurement. J Cross Cult Psychol. 32:519–542. doi: 10.1177/0022022101032005001.
Veenhoven, R. (1991). Is happiness relative? Social Indicators Research, 24, 1-34
Woo, B., 2009. Cultural effects on work attitudes and behaviors: The case of American and Korean fitness employees, Ohio State University: Ohio.
