Adapting the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-Revised for Indonesian Contexts
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12928/jehcp.v8i4.12962Abstract
Abstract
This study describes the adaptation of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-Revised (CYRM-R) for use in Indonesia. The process of adaptation involved several steps. The first step was translating and back-translating the measurement. The next step was conducting focus groups to explore the legibility of the translated measure. After this, the validity and the reliability of the translated version was tested, as well as an exploration of data. Samples were130 elementary school children (57.7% female) aged 10-13. Data were collected in 2 randomly chosen elementary schools in Kota Bandung. The analyses confirmed the validity and reliability of the measure (alpha = .902). The results indicated that the CYRM-R had been adapted successfully and is a robust measure for exploring the social-ecological resilience of children and youth in Indonesia. The CYRM-R can be used for research and practice in the Indonesian context.
Keywords: resilience; child; measurement; cross-cultural; CYRM-R; Indonesia
References
Bennett, K.M., Reyes-Rodriguez, M.F., Altamar, P. (2016). Resilience amongst older Colombians living in poverty: An ecological approach. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 31(4), 385-407.
Berckmoes, L.H., de Jong, J.T.V.M., & Reis, R. (2017). Intergenerational transmission of violence and resilience in conflict-affected Burundi: A qualitative study of why some children thrive despite duress. Global Mental Health, 4(26), 1-12.
Borualogo, I.S. (2014). Pengaruh nilai budaya merantau, system nilai, dan dukungan sosial yang dimediasi harga diri terhadap kepegasan sebagai penentu kepuasan akan hidup – suatu studi Psikologi Lintas Budaya pada mahasiswa perantau etnik Batak, Minang, dan Sunda di Bandung. Disertation. Universitas Padjadjaran.
Borualogo, I.S. (2018). Resilience on human trafficking victims in West Java. Mimbar Jurnal Sosial dan Pembangunan, 34(1), 204-212.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: experiment by nature and design. USA: Harvard University Press.
Connor, K.M., & Davidson, J.R.T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18, 76-82.
Daigneault, I., Dion, J., Hebert, M., McDuff, P., Collin-Vezina, D. (2013). Psychometric properties of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28) among samples of French Canadian youth. Child Abuse and Neglect. 37(2), 160-171.
Fletcher, D. & Sarkar, M. (2013). Psychological resilience: A review and critique of definitions, concepts, and theory. European Psychologist. 18(1), 12-23. Doi: 10.1027/10169040/a000124
Friborg, O., Hjemdal, O., Rosenvinge, J.H., & Martinussen, M. (2003). A new rating scale for adult resilience: what are the central protective resources behind healthy adjustment?. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 12(2), 65-76.
Ghina, S., & Suhana, S. (2016). Studi deskriptif mengenai resiliensi remaja korban pemerkosaan di Kabupaten Cirebon. Spesia Proceeding. Retrieved from repository.unisba.ac.id:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/12664.
Grotberg, E.H. (1997). The International Resilience Research Project. Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the International Council of Psychologists. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED417861.pdf
Hills, F., Meyer-Weitz, A., & Asante, K.O. (2016). The lived experiences of street children in Durban, South Africa: Violence, substance use, and resilience. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 11. DOI: 10.3402/qhw.v11.30302.
Jefferies, P., McGarrigle, L., & Ungar, M. (2018). The CYRM-R: a Rasch-validated revision of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure. Journal of Evidence-Informed Social Work, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/23761407.2018.1548403.
Jefferies, P., Vanstone, R., & Ungar, M. (in press). Measuring social-ecological resilience: a decade of research with the Child and Youth Resilience Measure and the Adult Resilience Measure. In Resilience in Children, Adolescents, and Adults (vol.3). S. Prince-Embury and S. Saklofske (Eds.). New York, NY: Springer.
Jordanova-Peshevska, D., & Tozija, F. (2018). Are resiliency factors increasing the risk for childhood psychological victimization?. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Science, 6(6), 1168-1173.
Katisi, M., Jefferies, P., Dikolobe, O., Moeti, O., Brisson, J., & Ungar, M. (2019). Fostering resilience in children who have been orphaned: preliminary results from the Botswana Balekane EARTH program. Child Youth Care Forum. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-019-09497-6.
King, D.W., King, L.A., & Vogt, D.S. (2003). The Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory (DRRI). National Center for PTSD.
Kuldas, S., Hashim, S., & Ismail, H.N. (2015). Malaysian adolescent students’ need for enhancing thinking skills, counteracting risk factors and demonstrating academic resilience. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 20(1), 32-47.
Luthar, S., & Cicchetti, D. (2000). The construct of resilience: Implications for interventions and social policies. Developmental Psychology, 12(4), 857-885.
Masten, A. (2014). Ordinary magic: Resilience in development. NY: The Guilford Press.
Panter-Brick, C., Hadfield, K., Dajani, R., Eggerman, M., Ager, A., & Ungar, M. (2018). Resilience in context: A brief and culturally grounded measure for Syrian refugee and Jordanian host-community adolescents. Child Development, 89(5), 1803-1820.
Resilience Research Centre. (2016). The Child and Youth Measure (CYRM) Child Version user manual. Halifax, NS: Resilience Research Centre, Dalhousie University. Retrieved from http://www.resilienceresearch.org
Resilience Research Centre. (2018). CYRM and ARM user manual. Halifax, NS: Resilience Research Centre, Dalhousie University. Retrieved from http://www.resilienceresearch.org.
Rutter, M. (2012). Resilience as a dynamic concept. Development and Psychopathology, 24, 335-344.
Sanders, J., Munford, R., Thimasarn-Anwar, T., & Liebenberg, L. (2017). Validation of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28) on a sample of at-risk New Zealand youth. Research on Social Work Practice. 27(7), 827-840.
Tiarakusuma, C., & Rosiana, D. (2016). Studi deskriptif mengenai resiliensi pada anak laki-laki korban pelecehan seksual. Spesia Proceeding. Retrieved from repository.unisba.ac.id:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/12719.
Triandis, H.C. (2018). Individualism and collectivism. USA: Routledge.
Wessells, M.G. (2016). Strengths-based community action as a source of resilience for children affected by armed conflict. Global Mental Health, 3(1), 1-5.
Ungar M. (2006). Nurturing hidden resilience in at-risk youth in different cultures. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,15(2), 53–58.
Ungar, M. (2008). Resilience across culture. British Journal of Social Work, 38, 218-235.
Ungar, M. (2011). The social ecology of resilience: Addressing contextual and cultural ambiguity of a nascent construct. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 81(1), 1-17.
Ungar, M. (2012). Social ecologies and their contribution to resilience. In M. Ungar (Ed.). The social ecology of resilience – A handbook of theory and practice. Dordrecht: Springer. pp. 13-31.
Ungar, M. (2017). Which counts more: Differential impact of the environment or differential susceptibility of the individual? British Journal of Social Work, 47, 1279-1289. Doi: 10.1093/bjsw/bcw109.
Ungar, M., & Liebenberg, L. (2011). Assessing resilience across cultures using mixed methods: Construction of the child and youth resilience measure. Journal of Mixed Methods Research. 5(2), 126-149. Doi: 10.1177/1558689811400607.
van de Vijver, F.J.R. (2015). Methodological aspects of cross-cultural research. In M. Gelfand, Y. Hong, & C.Y. Chiu (Eds.), Handbook of advances in culture & psychology (Vol. 5, pp.101-160). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
van de Vijver, F.J.R., & Hambleton, R.K. (1996) Translating Tests: Some Practical Guidelines. European Psychologist, 1(2), 88-99.
van de Vijver, F.J.R., & Leung, K. (2011). Equivalence and bias: A review of concepts, models, and data analytic procedures, cross-cultural research methodology in Psychology. USA: Cambridge University Press.
van de Vijver, F.J.R., & Poortinga, Y. (1997). Towards an integrated analysis of bias in cross-cultural assessment. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 13(1), 29-37.
van Rensburg, A.C., Theron, L.C., & Ungar, M. (2019). Using the CYRM-28 with South African young people: a factor structure analysis. Research on Social Work Practice. 29(1), 93-102.
Wagnild G. (2009). A review of the Resilience Scale. J Nurs Meas, 17(2),105–113.
Wright, A.M., Talia, Y.R., Aldhalimi, A., Broadbridge, C.L., Jamil. H., Lumley, M.A., Pole, N., Arnetz, B.B., & Arnetz, J.E. (2017). Kidnapping and mental health in Iraqi Refugees: The role of resilience. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 19(1), 98-107.
