Pengaruh Gerhana Matahari Terhadap Nilai Percepatan Gravitasi Bumi: Sarana Pembelajaran untuk Mendekatkan Fisika pada Kehidupan Sehari-hari
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12928/jrkpf.v3i1.4539Abstract
Gerhana matahari merupakan fenomena alam yang jarang terjadi. Peristiwa ini akan terjadi berulang setiap 350 tahun sekali pada tempat yang sama. Gejala ini terjadi saat matahari, bulan, dan bumi terletak pada satu garis lurus, sehingga cahaya matahari terhalang oleh bulan. Pada tanggal 9 Maret 2016 yang lampau, Indonesia merupakan negara satu-satunya yang dilewati oleh jalur Gerhana Matahari Total (GMT). Telah dilakukan pengukuran percepatan gravitasi bumi saat terjadi gerhana. Eksperimen ini dilakukan untuk melakukan verivikasi terhadap teori, bahwa percepatan gravitasi bumi akan berkurang nilainya saat terjadi gerhana. Eksperimen ini dilakukan dengan metode Microcomputer Based Laboratory (MBL). Dari data yang diperoleh, didapati bahwa terjadi penurunan percepatan gravitasi saat terjadi gerhana. Sebelum gerhana percepatan gravitasi sebesar 9,78 m/s2 . Saat kontak pertama matahari dan bulan percepatan gravitasi sebesar 9,45 m/s2 , saat puncak gerhana 8,87 m/s2 , dan saat kontak terakhir 9,60 m/s2 . Penurunan terbesar saat puncak gerhana yang mencapai 9,45 %.
Solar eclipse is one of the rare phenomenon. It occurs each 350 years in the same place. When the sun, the moon, and the earth in an inclined position then the eclipse occurs. In March 9th, 2016, Indonesia is the country which passed by the solar eclipse. Earth gravity measurement have been carried out during solar eclipse. This experiment conducted to verify the theory of gravity during an eclipse, that the gravity will decrease. The Microcomputer Based Laboratory (MBL) methode is used in this experiment. Based on the collected data, the gravity decrease during the eclipse. Before the eclipse, gravity measured as 9,78 m/s2 . At the first contact of moon and the sun the measured gravity is 9,45 m/s2 , meanwhile at the maximum partial eclipse the gravity measured as 8,87 m/s2 and the last contact is 9,60 m/s2 . The lowest measured gravity is 8,87 m/s2 which occurs at the maximum partial solar eclipse.
Kata kunci: gerhana matahari, percepatan gravitasi, microcumputer based laboratory
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