Design and development of smart emergency light

ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION
In today's world, a considerable portion of consumed energy in electrical network is changed to artificial lighting.With the increase in energy consumption by various segments in relation to difficulty of generation, the importance of efficient ways of lighting can be investigated.Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are widely used in low-light-level applications.Use of LEDs for signalization has been well known for more than a decade and for many different applications.In most activities, the lighting is needed.Therefore, the emergency lighting systems have become important.They have been considered as safety item and are required in many environments.They are installed in halls, ladders, garages, elevators, restaurants and other public environments ensuring lighting in the absence of electricity.Emergency lights are considered as extremely important for workplaces because they may be the only means of light available for the farmers or workers during emergency situations.The battery powered lights ensure that the workers can easily find an exit with relative ease.This is why installation of these lights is considered a legal requirement within the remote areas.Sung W. T., et.all., [1] develops a smart LED lighting system, which is remotely controlled by Android apps via handheld devices, e.g., smart phones, tablets, etc.A new emergency ballast for fluorescent lamps is presented, Alonso J. M., et.all., [2].An emergency lighting system integrated into a TELKOMNIKA Telecommun Comput El Control  Design and development of smart emergency light (S.Narasimha) 359 compact lamp using high-brightness LEDs is proposed in [3].These devices have high luminous efficacy, long useful life and small size.Besides, they work with low voltage and current values and they do not need ignition process.These features make these devices attractive to use in emergency lighting.Secades M. R., et.all., [4] presents an alternative solution based on high-efficiency LEDs.The long operation life of high-efficiency LEDs with a very simple electronics circuitry implies an interesting solution for these types of applications.An emergency lighting system integrated into a compact lamp using high-brightness LEDs is proposed in [5].
A distributed emergency lighting system by using LEDs and a converter applied to supply this network consists of the integration of two flyback converters is proposed, Oliviera A. M. M., et.all., [6].Pinto R. A., et.all., [7] proposes a circuit which supplies the LEDs in two ways.First, by mains (220 V, ac) using a circuit called voltage regulator in DC.Another way, in the emergency mode, the circuit supplies the LED using a Ni-MH battery without the need of converter.The objective of [8] is to develop a compact and low-cost electronic circuit to drive and control the current of LEDs arranged in a single enclosure.The system proposed, Lohote R., et.all., [9] overcomes all the drawbacks of conventional system and provides energy saving, smart alerting solutions.An efficient and compact emergency lighting system using high intensity LEDs is proposed in [10].The objective of this work is to design and develop a smart emergency light which is mainly useful for the farmers in remote areas as they face some problems during late nights in the fields from low lighting and facing field loss from wild animals and birds.The main objective of this paper is to provide the smart emergency light using solar power to the farmers.In many countries, most of the farmers are stick around to their remote areas.The main applications of this work are FM radio, USB charging, music by memory card, mini fan, torch light, etc.This can also be controlled by remote control.The battery can be used for all these applications.This battery can be charged by two ways using solar energy and AC mains supply [11].These are designed, implemented and tested in the real time environment.The objectives of this work are as follows: − To design and develop a smart emergency light in real time environment.− To provide supply to loads using battery.− To charge the battery using both solar energy source and ac mains supply.− The design should be simple and easily operated.
The remainder of this paper is organized as follows: section 2 describes about the smart emergency light.Design and analysis of smart emergency light is presented in section 3. Testing, results and discussion is presented in section 4. Finally, various contributions of this paper are presented in section 5.

SMART EMERGENCY LIGHT
Figure 1 depicts the block diagram of smart emergency light.From this Figure, it can be observed that the battery can be charged by two ways using solar energy through charge controller and AC mains supply through battery charger [12].This battery can be fed to different loads, and they are main light, FM receiver, torch light, USB fan and USB light, mobile charging.The components of smart emergency light are described next:

Solar panel
The essential component in solar energy system is photovoltaic or solar cell, by which sun light energy is converted into electric current based on the principle of photo electric effect [13].Electrical energy is stored in the battery using solar energy through the charge controller circuit.The specifications of solar panel used in this work are: model number is 0603-1824, solar maximum power (Pmax) is 5 W, voltage at Pmax is 8.60 V, current at Pmax is 0.58 A, open circuit voltage is 10.5 V, short circuit current is 0.67 A, operating temperature is -40 °C to 85 °C, and number of cells are 18 [14].

Solar charge controller
It is fundamentally a voltage or current controller to charge the battery and keep electric cells from overcharging.It directs the voltage and current hailing from the solar panels setting off to the electric cell.Generally, 12 V boards/panels put out in the ballpark of 16 to 20 V, so if there is no regulation the electric cells will damaged from overcharging.Generally, electric storage devices require around 14 to 14.5 V to get completely charged.The range of charge controllers are from 4.5 A and up to 60 to 80 A [15].There are three different types of solar charge controllers are available, and they are: simple 1 or 2 stage controls, pulse width modulated (PWM) and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) [16].

Battery and battery charger
The specifications of this battery are: voltage is 6 V, capacity is 2.8 Ah.The battery charging through AC mains by using charger.The battery charger circuit diagram is presented in Figure 2. Mainly, this circuit consists of one step-down transformer, rectifier bridge, filter, etc [17,18].

FM receiver
FM receiver is an electronic device that receives radio waves and converts the information carried by them to a usable form [19].An antenna is used to catch the desired frequency waves.The receiver uses electronic filters to separate the desired radio frequency signal from all other signals picked up by the antenna [20].

Main light
Main light contains three sets and each set consists of six LED lights as shown in Figure 3.Each LED light rating is 4 V DC, these LEDs are connected in parallel.Illumination level can be varied as required by using control variable [21].LED is a semiconductor light source that emits light when current flows through it.Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing energy in the form of photons.This effect is called electro luminescence [22].

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
The instruments used to design the smart emergency light are wood parts, screws, flex gum, connecting wires, solar panel, charge controller, battery, volume adjuster, light intensity variac and charging port [23].Smart emergency light can be designed by wooden plates as follows: height of the plate is 25 cm, width of top and bottom side 15 cm, area of the bottom and top plates is (15*15 cm), area of four sides plates is (25*15 cm), area of three sides of main light is (8.5*2 cm), area of FM dimensions is (8.5*2 cm), area of torch light is πr 2 = π(1.5) 2 , area of switch cutting is (2*1 cm), area of main light variac and volume adjuster is πr 2 = π(0.4) 2 , area of charging port is πr 2 = π(0.4) 2 , area of solar adapter port is πr 2 = π(0.5) 2 , number of screws are 18 with area of πr 2 = π(0.2) 2 , charge controller indicator area is (4*1 cm), and area of designed handle is (36*3 cm) [24].Figure 4

TESTING AND RESULT ANALYSIS
This section presets the testing and results of working of real time emergency light.Here, various loads like main light, FM receiver, torch light, etc., gets supply from battery [25].The battery can be rechargeable.This battery can be charged by various sources, such as solar energy and AC mains supply.In this paper, 5 different tests are performed and they are discussed as follows:

Test 1: illumination test
Figure 5 depicts the pictures illumination test on main light.Here, it provides the results of emergency illumination test [26].The illumination test was conducted in the most conservative test configuration possible, i.e., with onetime lights ON and another time lights OFF.We believe the emergency lighting levels on the control room bench board to be adequate.However, we are continuing to investigate possible options for improving the lighting levels under this scenario.The number of LED sources tested in this case are 6 LEDs in three parallel sets.LEDs brightness can be varied by controlling light intensity adjuster or illumination level variac with five resistors connected in series, and this variac circuit is shown in Figure 6.The brightness of LED light can be increased by removing the resistors one by one, by changing the variac.LEDs are supplied through battery source.The circuit of torch light test is shown in Figure 7 and it is conducted by choosing the suitable rating of LED light to bare the 4 V battery capacity.Torch light 4.5 V rating LED is chosen, and it can be connected to battery through switch series with it.Here, the features are verified and tested successfully [27].

Test 3: FM receiver test
In this case, four different tests are conducted, and they are: volume test, channel varying test, remote control test and signal receiving test (antenna) [28].The circuit of FM receiver test is presented in Figure 8. Earlier two tests are conducted by connecting audio amplifier along with speaker to battery with FM receiver module, and absorbed the volume clearance and station changing.The frequency range observed is from (88-108) MHz [29].Volume and station changed by station adjustor and remote control.Signal receiving test can be tested by 40 cm small antenna wire, connected to signal port of receiver module and it is shown in Figure 9.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Block diagram of smart emergency light

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Main light shows the front and top views of developed smart emergency light.Front side has FM receiver, USB port, FM channel adjuster and main light second side view.Top view has solar panel and handle.

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. Front and top views of smart emergency light