Using the Job Demands-Resources Model to Predict Job Satisfaction of Employees in Indonesia

Amirah Widia Adiarti, Dimyati Dimyati

Abstract


Although the job demands-resources model (JD-R) is getting much attention in the literature, there is limited, if any, empirical research in Indonesia. This study used the JD-R model to predict job satisfaction in Indonesia with a sample of 17,177 employees. Using data from the 5th wave of the Indonesian Family Life Survey, Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM) were performed for data analysis. The main findings revealed a positive relationship between job resources and job satisfaction, and a negative relationship between challenging job demands and job satisfaction beyond the contribution of gender, age, education, marital status, and job type. The findings of this study suggest that managers should provide employees with more resources and engage them in crafting behaviors.

Keywords: job demands, job resources, job satisfaction, JD-R model, Indonesia


Full Text:

PDF

References


References

Aristovnik, A., Seljak, J., & TomaževiÄ, N. (2016). A three-stage data envelopment analysis approach to measure the effect of job satisfaction on organisational performance in law enforcement agencies. International Journal of Services and Operations Management, 25(3). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSOM.2016.10000240

Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands-resources model : State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309–328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115

Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., Boer, E. De, & Schaufeli, W. B. (2003). Job demands and job resources as predictors of absence duration and frequency. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 62, 341–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(02)00030-1

Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Verbeke, W. (2004). Using the job demands-resources model to predict burnout and performance. Human Resource Management, 43(1), 83–104. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.84

Batubara, K., Syam, B., & Wahyuni, S. E. (2020). Job demands–resources model affects the performance of associate nurses in hospital. Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia, 23(2), 111–118. https://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v23i2.1132

Bemana, S., Moradi, H., Ghasemi, M., Taghavi, S. M., & Ghayoor, A. H. (2013). The relationship among job stress and job satisfaction in municipality personnel in Iran Faculty of Azad university. World Applied Sciences Journal, 22(2), 233–238. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.22.02.3640

Broeck, A. Van Den, Cuyper, N. De, De, H., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2010). Not all job demands are equal : Differentiating job hindrances and job challenges in the job demands – resources model. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 19(6), 735–759. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320903223839

Card, B. D., Mas, A., Moretti, E., & Saez, E. (2012). Inequality at work : The effect of peer salaries on job satisfaction. American Economic Review 2012,102(6), 2981–3003.

Clark, A. E. (1997). Job satisfaction and gender : Why are women so happy at work ? Labour Economics, 4, 341–372.

Clark, A. E. (1999). Are wages habit-forming ? Evidence from micro data. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 39, 179–200.

Clark, A. E., & Oswald, A. J. (1996). Satisfaction and comparison income. Journal of Public Economics, 61, 359–381.

Clark, A., Oswald, A., & Warr, P. (1996). Is job satisfaction U-shaped in age ? Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 69, 57–81.

Crawford, E. R., Lepine, J. A., & Rich, B. L. (2010). Linking job demands and resources to employee engagement and burnout : A theoretical extension and meta-analytic test. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(5), 834–848. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019364

Dantzker, M. L. (1993). Issue for policing: Educational level and job satisfaction: A research note. American Journal of Police, 12(2), 201–2018.

Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499–512. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.86.3.499

Forero, C. G., Maydeu-olivares, A., & Gallardo-Pujol, D. (2009). Factor analysis with ordinal indicators : A Monte Carlo study comparing DWLS and ULS estimation. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 16(4), 625–641. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510903203573

Fox, J. (2014). The ’polycor’ package. Retrieved from http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/polycor/index.html

Fox, J., & Leanage, A. (2016). R and the journal of statistical software. Journal of Statistical Software, 73(2). https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v073.i02

Freeman, R. B. (1978). Job satisfaction as an economic variable (No. 225). Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Gazioglu, S., & Tansel, A. (2006). Job satisfaction in Britain: Individual and job related factors. Applied Economics, 38, 1163–1171. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840500392987

grund, c., & sliwka, d. (2001). The impact of wage increases on job satisfaction – empirical evidence and theoretical implications (No. 387). Bonn.

Hamermesh, D. S. (1977). Economic aspects of job satisfaction. Essays in labor market analysis. New York: John Wiley.

Hammer, T. H., & Avgar, A. (2005). The impact of unions on job satisfaction, organizational commitment , and turnover. Journal of Labor Research, 26(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12122-005-1024-2

Helmi, A. F., Widhiarso, W., Marvianto, R. D., Priwati, A. R., Mustari, M. A., & Artikasari, Y. V. (2020). The Fourth dimensions of the job demands-resources (JD-R) model of work engagement in Indonesian context. Jurnal Psikologi, 47(3), 206. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.56682

Hernández-Cantú, E. I., & Medina-Campos, X. L. (2020). Job satisfaction and absenteeism in nurses of a public hospital in Monterrey. Rev. Enferm. Inst. Mex. Seguro Soc, 28(1), 37–48.

Hobfoll, S. E. (2002). Social and psychological resources and adaptation. Review of General Psychology, 6(4), 307–324. https://doi.org/10.1037//1089-2680.6.4.307

Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis : conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118

Hulin, C. ., & Judge, T. . (2003). Job attitudes. In W. . Borman, D. . Ilgen, & R. . Klimoski (Eds.), Handbook of Psychology (Vol. 12): Industrial and Organizational Psychology (pp. 255–276). https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2019.070202

Hunt, J. W., & Saul, P. N. (1975). The relationship of age, tenure, and job satisfaction in males and females. Academy of Management, 18(4), 690–702.

Johnson, R. R. (2012). Police officer job satisfaction: A multidimensional analysis. Police Quarterly, 15(157). https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611112442809

Kumar, T. K. V. (2017). Factors impacting job satisfaction among police personnel in india : a Multidimensional analysis. International Criminal Justice Review, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1057567716683776

Meng, R. (1990). The relationship between unions and job satisfaction. Applied Economics, 22(12), 1635–1648. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036849000000070

Muthen, B. (1978). Contributions to factor analysis of dichotomous variables. Psychometrika, 43(4).

Pradana, A., & Salehudin, I. (2015). Work overload and turnover intention of junior auditors in greater Jakarta, Indonesia. The South East Asian Journal of Management, 9(2), 108–124. https://doi.org/10.21002/seam.v9i2.4950

Revelle, W. (2017). Using the psych package to generate and test structural models. Retrieved from https://personality-project.org/r/psych_for_sem.pdf

Rosseel, Y. (2011). lavaan : an R package for structural equation modeling and more Version 0 . 5-10 ( BETA ). Retrieved from http://users.ugent.be/~yrosseel/lavaan/lavaan Introduction.pdf

Salvatori, A. (2010). Labour contract regulations and workers ’ wellbeing: International longitudinal evidence. Labour Economics, 17(4), 667–678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2010.01.003

Saner, T., & Eyüpoğlu, Ş. Z. (2012). The age and job satisfaction relationship in higher education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 55, 1020–1026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.593

Schaufeli, W. B. (2017). Applying the job demands-resources model : A ‘ how to ’ guide to measuring and tackling work engagement and burnout. Organizational Dynamics, 46(2), 120–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2017.04.008

Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Rhenen, W. V. A. N. (2009). How changes in job demands and resources predict burnout , work engagement , and sickness absenteeism. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 893–917. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.595

Sharma, S., Mukherjee, S., Kumar, A., & Dillon, W. R. (2005). a Simulation study to investigate the use of cutoff values for assessing model fit in covariance structure models. Journal of Business Research, 58, 935–943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2003.10.007

Sousa-poza, A., & Sousa-Poza, A. A. (2000). Well-being at work : a Cross-sational analysis of the levels and determinants of job satisfaction. Journal of Socio-Economics, 29, 517–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-5357(00)00085-8

Spector, P. E., Cooper, C. L., Poelmans, S., & Allen, T. D. (2004). A cross-national comparative study of work-family stressors , working hours, and well-being: China and Latin America versus the Anglo World. Personnel Psychology, 57(1), 119–142.

Strauss, J., Witoelar, F., & Sikoki, B. (2016). User ’s Guide for the Indonesia Family Life Survey , Wave 5 (Vol. 2). Retrieved from https://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR1143z2.html.

Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2013). The impact of job crafting on job demands , job resources , and well-being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 18(2), 230–240. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032141

Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). Reciprocal relationships between job resources , personal resources , and work engagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74(3), 235–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2008.11.003

Yeh, H.-J. (2015). Job demands , job resources , and job satisfaction in East Asia. Social Indicators Research, 121, 47–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0631-9




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/jehcp.v10i2.20326

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL, HEALTH, COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY
Program Pascasarjana Magister Psikologi
Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta
Penerbit UAD Press

ISSN Printed 2088-3129 ISSN Online 2460 8467
EMAIL: jehcp@psy.uad.ac.id
 

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

View My Stats