Forgiveness among mothers of female adolescents who experienced unwanted pregnancy

Mohammad Adi Ganjar Priadi, Gurmichele Gurmichele

Abstract


Unwanted pregnancy is an issue that affects, not only the individual who got pregnant, but also their mothers. Such a traumatic experience may cause psychological distress in these mothers, affecting their overall psychological well-being. This study aimed to explore the process of maternal forgiveness experienced by mothers in dealing with their children who had unwanted pregnancy. Qualitative method was applied in this research. Participants were selected by purposive sampling technique. Three mothers of young women who experienced unwanted pregnancy participated in this research. The results highlight the forgiveness process experienced by three participants. Forgiveness process start with negative emotion of the mothers, followed by giving empathy to her daughter as part of the forgiveness process. Self contemplation plays a crucial role on mothers’ transition from feeling negative emotions to giving emphaty to their daughters.

Keywords


forgiveness;maternal forgiveness; unwanted pregnancy

Full Text:

PDF

References


Akhtar, S., Dolan, A., & Barlow, J. (2017). Understanding the relationship between state forgiveness and psychological wellbeing: A qualitative study. Journal of Religion and Health, 56(2), 450-463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-016-0188-9

Anand, E., Unisa, S., & Singh, J. (2017). Intimate partner violence and unintended pregnancy among adolescent and young adult married women in South Asia. J. Biosoc, 49(2), 206-221. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021932016000286

Bird, G., & Melville, K. (1994). Families and intimate relationships. NY: McGraw-Hill.

Cichy, K.E., Lefkowitz, E.S., Davis E. M., & Fingerman, K. L. (2013). You are such a disappointment!: Negative emotions and parents perceptions of adult children's lack of success. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 68(6), 893-901. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbt053

Coleman, P., K. (2006). Resolution of unwanted pregnancy during adolescence through abortion versus childbirth: Individual and family predictors and psychological consequences. J Youth Adolescence, 35(6), 903-911. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-006-9094-x

Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Boston: Pearson. - Google Search (4th ed.). Boston: Pearson.

Enright, R. D., Freedman, S., & Rique, J. (1998). The psychology of interpersonal forgiveness. In R. D. Enright, & J. North (Eds.), Exploring Forgiveness. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.

Farber, N. B. (1991). The process of pregnancy resolution among adolescent mothers. Adolescence, 26(103), 697-716.

Fincham, F. D., Hall, J., & Beach, S. R. H. (2006). Forgiveness in marriage: Current status and future directions. Family Relations, 55(4), 415-427. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2005.callf.x-i1

Finkel, E. J., Rusbult, C. E., Madoka, K., & Hannon, P. A. (2002). Dealing with betrayal in close relationships: Does commitment promote forgiveness? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 956-974. https://doi.org/https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.956

Ghaemmaghami, P., Allemand, M., & Martin, M. (2011). Forgiveness in younger, middle-aged and older adults: Age and gender matters. Journal of Adult Development, 18(4), 199-203.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-011-9127-x

Inazu, J. D. (2009). No future without (personal) forgiveness: Reexamining the role of forgiveness in transitional justice. Human Right Rev, 10(3), 309-326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-009-0120-8

Mayun, K. A. W., Ani, L.S., & Suariyani N., L., P. (2017). Causes of unwanted pregnancy among adolescents in Bali Province: a qualitative study. Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive, 5(2), 114-119.

Miller, A.J., Everett, L., Worthington Jr., McDaniel, A. M. A. (2008). Gender and forgiveness: a meta-analytic review and research agenda. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 27(8), 843-876. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2008.27.8.843

Murray, R. J. (2002). Forgiveness as a therapeutic option. The Family. Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 10(3), 315-321. https://doi.org/10.1177/10680702010003008

Nurrachman, N., & Bachtiar, I. (2011). Psikologi perempuan: Pendekatan kontekstual Indonesia (Women psychology: Indonesian contextual approach). Jakarta: Universitas Atma Jaya.

Pareek, S., & Mathur, N. (2013). Theoretical and Practical Vision on forgiveness: A Systematic Review of Ancient and Contemporary Literature. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(3), 434-442. https://doi.org/10.15614/IJPP/2013/V4I3/49872

Poerwandari, E. K. (2009). Pendekatan kualitatif untuk perilaku manusia (3rd ed.) (Qualitative approach of human behavior) (3rd ed). Depok: LPSP3 UI.

Romauli, S., & Vindari, A. V. (2011). Kesehatan reproduksi (Reproductive health). Yogyakarta: Nuha Medika.

Rosmalinda. (2003). Teenage pregnancy. Retrieved October 1, 2019, from Inside Indonesia website: https://www.insideindonesia.org/teenage-pregnancy

Sarwono, S. W. (2001). Psikologi Remaja (ed 6.) (Psychology of adolescent). Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.

Snow, N., E. (1993). Self-forgiveness. The Journal of Value Inquiry, 27(1), 75-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01082713

Soetjiningsih. (2010). Bahan ajar: Tumbuh kembang remaja dan permasalahannya (Instructional materials: adolescent growth and development and its problems). Jakarta: Sagung Seto.

Sridawruang, C., Crozier, K., & Pfeil, M. (2010). Attitudes of adolescents and parents towards premarital sex in rural Thailand: A qualitative exploration. Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare, 1(4), 181-187. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2010.06.003

The Jakarta Post. (2015). Thousands of Indonesian women experience unwanted pregnancies. Retrieved October 1, 2019, from The Jakarta Post website: http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/12/05/thousands-indonesian-women-experience-unexpected-pregnancies.html

Toussaint, L. L., Worthington, E. L., & Williams, D. R. (2015). Forgiveness and health: Scientific evidence and theories relating forgiveness to better health. Dordrecht: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9993-5

Toussaint, Loren L., & Jorgensen, K. M. (2008). Inter-parental conflict, parent-child relationship quality, and adjustment in christian adolescents: forgiveness as a mediating variable. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 27(4), 337-346.

Utomo, I, D., & Utomo, A. (2013). Adolescent pregnancy in Indonesia: a literature review. Retrieved from https://indonesia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pubpdf/Executive_Summary_WPD_2013_%28English%29_0.pdf

Widyastuti. (2009). Kesehatan reproduksi (Reproductive health). Yogyakarta: Fitramaya.

Worthington Jr, E. L., Witvliet, C. V. O., Pieterini, P., & Miller A, J. (2007). Forgiveness, Health, and Well-Being: A Review of Evidence for Emotional Versus Decisional Forgiveness, Dispositional Forgivingness, and Reduced Unforgiveness. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 30(4), 291-302.

Worthington Jr, E. . (2006). Forgiving and reconciling: Bridges to wholeness and hope. DuPage County: InterVarsity Press.

Yin, R. K. (2009). Qualitative Research from Start to Finish. In Sage. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03456.x

Younger, J. W., Piferi, R. L., Jobe, R.L., & Lawler, K. A. (2004). Dimensions of forgiveness: The views of laypersons. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 21(6), 837-855. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1177/0265407504047843




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/humanitas.v16i2.11895

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.



HUMANITAS: Indonesian Psychological Journal
ISSN 1693-7236 (print), 2598-6368 (online)
Email : humanitas@psy.uad.ac.id

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

View My Stats
 

View My Stats